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Main Authors: Terfloth, Lutz, Buhl, Heike M., Lohmer, Vivien, Schaffer, Michael, Kern, Friederike, Schulte, Carsten
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24325
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author Terfloth, Lutz
Buhl, Heike M.
Lohmer, Vivien
Schaffer, Michael
Kern, Friederike
Schulte, Carsten
author_facet Terfloth, Lutz
Buhl, Heike M.
Lohmer, Vivien
Schaffer, Michael
Kern, Friederike
Schulte, Carsten
contents Purpose: Understanding a technical artifact requires grasping both its internal structure (Architecture) and its purpose and significance (Relevance), as formalized by Dual Nature Theory. This controlled experimental study investigates whether how explainers address these perspectives affects explainees' understanding. Methods: In a between-subjects experiment, 104 participants received explanations of the board game Quarto! from trained confederates in one of three conditions: Architecture-focused (A), Relevance-focused (R), or Integrated (AR). Understanding was assessed on comprehension (knowing that) and enabledness (knowing how). Results: The A and R conditions produced equivalent understanding despite different explanation content. The AR condition yielded significantly higher enabledness than the focused conditions combined $\mathrm{F}(1, 102) = 4.83$, $p = .030$, $η^2_p = .045$}, while no differences emerged for comprehension. Conclusion: Integrating Architecture and Relevance specifically enhances explainees' ability to apply their understanding in practice, suggesting that fostering agency with technical artifacts requires bridging both perspectives. This has implications for technology education and explainable AI design.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_24325
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts
Terfloth, Lutz
Buhl, Heike M.
Lohmer, Vivien
Schaffer, Michael
Kern, Friederike
Schulte, Carsten
Other Computer Science
Purpose: Understanding a technical artifact requires grasping both its internal structure (Architecture) and its purpose and significance (Relevance), as formalized by Dual Nature Theory. This controlled experimental study investigates whether how explainers address these perspectives affects explainees' understanding. Methods: In a between-subjects experiment, 104 participants received explanations of the board game Quarto! from trained confederates in one of three conditions: Architecture-focused (A), Relevance-focused (R), or Integrated (AR). Understanding was assessed on comprehension (knowing that) and enabledness (knowing how). Results: The A and R conditions produced equivalent understanding despite different explanation content. The AR condition yielded significantly higher enabledness than the focused conditions combined $\mathrm{F}(1, 102) = 4.83$, $p = .030$, $η^2_p = .045$}, while no differences emerged for comprehension. Conclusion: Integrating Architecture and Relevance specifically enhances explainees' ability to apply their understanding in practice, suggesting that fostering agency with technical artifacts requires bridging both perspectives. This has implications for technology education and explainable AI design.
title Bridging the Dual Nature: How Integrated Explanations Enhance Understanding of Technical Artifacts
topic Other Computer Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24325