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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24801 |
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Table of Contents:
- Computed tomography image segmentation of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) often fails because the models assign internal focus to irrelevant structures or do not focus on thin, low-contrast targets. Where the model looks is the primary training signal, and thus we propose an Explainable AI (XAI) guided encoder shaping framework. Our method computes a dense, attribution-based encoder focus map ("XAI field") from the final encoder block and uses it in two complementary ways: (i) we align the predicted probability mass to the XAI field to promote agreement between focus and output; and (ii) we route the field into a lightweight refinement pathway and a confidence prior that modulates logits at inference, suppressing distractors while preserving subtle structures. The objective terms serve only as control signals; the contribution is the integration of attribution guidance into representation and decoding. We evaluate clinically validated challenging cases curated for failure-prone scenarios. Compared to a base SAM setup, our implementation yields substantial improvements. The observed gains suggest that explicitly optimizing encoder focus via XAI guidance is a practical and effective principle for reliable segmentation in complex scenarios.