Characterisation of Convergence, Boundedness and Unboundedness in Solutions of Second Order Linear Differential Equations

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Appleby, John A. D., Pal, Subham
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Appleby, John A. D.
Pal, Subham
author_facet Appleby, John A. D.
Pal, Subham
contents This paper develops a characterisation of when solutions of forced second order linear differential equations converge to the zero solution of the asymptotically stable and unforced second order equation, or when the solution is bounded, but not convergent, or is unbounded. We see thereby that forcing terms can exhibit unbounded and high--frequency oscillation, and yet the solution may still tend to zero, even though the first and second derivative may become unbounded.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_25545
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Characterisation of Convergence, Boundedness and Unboundedness in Solutions of Second Order Linear Differential Equations
Appleby, John A. D.
Pal, Subham
Classical Analysis and ODEs
This paper develops a characterisation of when solutions of forced second order linear differential equations converge to the zero solution of the asymptotically stable and unforced second order equation, or when the solution is bounded, but not convergent, or is unbounded. We see thereby that forcing terms can exhibit unbounded and high--frequency oscillation, and yet the solution may still tend to zero, even though the first and second derivative may become unbounded.
title Characterisation of Convergence, Boundedness and Unboundedness in Solutions of Second Order Linear Differential Equations
topic Classical Analysis and ODEs
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25545