Adapting Segment Anything Model 3 for Concept-Driven Lesion Segmentation in Medical Images: An Experimental Study

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Hauptverfasser: Xu, Guoping, Udupa, Jayaram K., Tong, Yubing, Long, Xin, Zhang, Ying, Deng, Jie, Lu, Weiguo, Zhang, You
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Xu, Guoping
Udupa, Jayaram K.
Tong, Yubing
Long, Xin
Zhang, Ying
Deng, Jie
Lu, Weiguo
Zhang, You
author_facet Xu, Guoping
Udupa, Jayaram K.
Tong, Yubing
Long, Xin
Zhang, Ying
Deng, Jie
Lu, Weiguo
Zhang, You
contents Accurate lesion segmentation is essential in medical image analysis, yet most existing methods are designed for specific anatomical sites or imaging modalities, limiting their generalizability. Recent vision-language foundation models enable concept-driven segmentation in natural images, offering a promising direction for more flexible medical image analysis. However, concept-prompt-based lesion segmentation, particularly with the latest Segment Anything Model 3 (SAM3), remains underexplored. In this work, we present a systematic evaluation of SAM3 for lesion segmentation. We assess its performance using geometric bounding boxes and concept-based text and image prompts across multiple modalities, including multiparametric MRI, CT, ultrasound, dermoscopy, and endoscopy. To improve robustness, we incorporate additional prior knowledge, such as adjacent-slice predictions, multiparametric information, and prior annotations. We further compare different fine-tuning strategies, including partial module tuning, adapter-based methods, and full-model optimization. Experiments on 13 datasets covering 11 lesion types demonstrate that SAM3 achieves strong cross-modality generalization, reliable concept-driven segmentation, and accurate lesion delineation. These results highlight the potential of concept-based foundation models for scalable and practical medical image segmentation. Code and trained models will be released at: https://github.com/apple1986/lesion-sam3
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_25945
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Adapting Segment Anything Model 3 for Concept-Driven Lesion Segmentation in Medical Images: An Experimental Study
Xu, Guoping
Udupa, Jayaram K.
Tong, Yubing
Long, Xin
Zhang, Ying
Deng, Jie
Lu, Weiguo
Zhang, You
Image and Video Processing
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Accurate lesion segmentation is essential in medical image analysis, yet most existing methods are designed for specific anatomical sites or imaging modalities, limiting their generalizability. Recent vision-language foundation models enable concept-driven segmentation in natural images, offering a promising direction for more flexible medical image analysis. However, concept-prompt-based lesion segmentation, particularly with the latest Segment Anything Model 3 (SAM3), remains underexplored. In this work, we present a systematic evaluation of SAM3 for lesion segmentation. We assess its performance using geometric bounding boxes and concept-based text and image prompts across multiple modalities, including multiparametric MRI, CT, ultrasound, dermoscopy, and endoscopy. To improve robustness, we incorporate additional prior knowledge, such as adjacent-slice predictions, multiparametric information, and prior annotations. We further compare different fine-tuning strategies, including partial module tuning, adapter-based methods, and full-model optimization. Experiments on 13 datasets covering 11 lesion types demonstrate that SAM3 achieves strong cross-modality generalization, reliable concept-driven segmentation, and accurate lesion delineation. These results highlight the potential of concept-based foundation models for scalable and practical medical image segmentation. Code and trained models will be released at: https://github.com/apple1986/lesion-sam3
title Adapting Segment Anything Model 3 for Concept-Driven Lesion Segmentation in Medical Images: An Experimental Study
topic Image and Video Processing
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25945