Spontaneous oscillations and geometric cutoff in confined bacterial swarms

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Miao, Bing, Tang, Lei-Han
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866915894720987136
author Miao, Bing
Tang, Lei-Han
author_facet Miao, Bing
Tang, Lei-Han
contents Self-organized dynamic patterns in dense active matter are striking manifestations of non-equilibrium physics. A prominent example is the macroscopic elliptical motion observed in quasi-2D bacterial suspensions, which has lacked a physical explanation. Here, we examine a minimal linear response framework coupling bacterial swimming dynamics with fluid flow, treating long-range hydrodynamic interactions as a macroscopic communication channel. We demonstrate that microscopic swim motion, via Jeffery coupling, manifests as a ``phase-leading'' response to local shear flows. System-wide sustained oscillations, on the other hand, require both a critical bacterial density and strict geometric confinement. By analytically predicting the onset cell density and maximum film thickness, our model achieves excellent quantitative agreement with experiments, establishing a unified physical framework for self-organized periodic motion of elongated body in active fluids.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_26025
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Spontaneous oscillations and geometric cutoff in confined bacterial swarms
Miao, Bing
Tang, Lei-Han
Soft Condensed Matter
Biological Physics
Fluid Dynamics
Self-organized dynamic patterns in dense active matter are striking manifestations of non-equilibrium physics. A prominent example is the macroscopic elliptical motion observed in quasi-2D bacterial suspensions, which has lacked a physical explanation. Here, we examine a minimal linear response framework coupling bacterial swimming dynamics with fluid flow, treating long-range hydrodynamic interactions as a macroscopic communication channel. We demonstrate that microscopic swim motion, via Jeffery coupling, manifests as a ``phase-leading'' response to local shear flows. System-wide sustained oscillations, on the other hand, require both a critical bacterial density and strict geometric confinement. By analytically predicting the onset cell density and maximum film thickness, our model achieves excellent quantitative agreement with experiments, establishing a unified physical framework for self-organized periodic motion of elongated body in active fluids.
title Spontaneous oscillations and geometric cutoff in confined bacterial swarms
topic Soft Condensed Matter
Biological Physics
Fluid Dynamics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.26025