PEB Separation and State Migration: Unmasking the New Frontiers of DeFi AML Evasion
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866915894936993792 |
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| author | Cao, Yixin Cheng, Xianfeng Liu, Yijie |
| author_facet | Cao, Yixin Cheng, Xianfeng Liu, Yijie |
| contents | Transfer-based anti-money laundering (AML) systems monitor token flows through transaction-graph abstractions, implicitly assuming that economically meaningful value migration is sufficiently encoded in transfer-layer connectivity. In this paper, we demonstrate that this assumption, the bedrock of current industrial forensics, fundamentally collapses in composable smart-contract ecosystems.
We formalize two structural mechanisms that undermine the completeness of transfer-layer attribution. First, we introduce Principal-Execution-Beneficiary (PEB) separation, where intent originators, transaction executors (e.g., MEV searchers), and ultimate beneficiaries are functionally decoupled. Second, we formalize state-mediated value migration, where economic coupling is enforced through invariant-driven contract state transitions (e.g., AMM reserve rebalancing) rather than explicit transfer continuity.
Through a real-world case study of role-separated limit order execution and a constructive cross-pool arbitrage model, we prove that these mechanisms render transfer-layer observation neither attribution-complete nor causally closed. We further argue that simply expanding transfer-layer tracing capabilities fails to resolve the underlying attribution ambiguity inherent in structurally decoupled execution. Under modular composition and open participation markets, these mechanisms are structurally generative, implying that heuristic-based flow tracing has reached a formal observational boundary. We advocate for a paradigm shift toward AML based on execution semantics, focusing on the restitution of economic causality from atomic execution logic and state invariants rather than static graph connectivity. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_26290 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | PEB Separation and State Migration: Unmasking the New Frontiers of DeFi AML Evasion Cao, Yixin Cheng, Xianfeng Liu, Yijie Cryptography and Security Trading and Market Microstructure Transfer-based anti-money laundering (AML) systems monitor token flows through transaction-graph abstractions, implicitly assuming that economically meaningful value migration is sufficiently encoded in transfer-layer connectivity. In this paper, we demonstrate that this assumption, the bedrock of current industrial forensics, fundamentally collapses in composable smart-contract ecosystems. We formalize two structural mechanisms that undermine the completeness of transfer-layer attribution. First, we introduce Principal-Execution-Beneficiary (PEB) separation, where intent originators, transaction executors (e.g., MEV searchers), and ultimate beneficiaries are functionally decoupled. Second, we formalize state-mediated value migration, where economic coupling is enforced through invariant-driven contract state transitions (e.g., AMM reserve rebalancing) rather than explicit transfer continuity. Through a real-world case study of role-separated limit order execution and a constructive cross-pool arbitrage model, we prove that these mechanisms render transfer-layer observation neither attribution-complete nor causally closed. We further argue that simply expanding transfer-layer tracing capabilities fails to resolve the underlying attribution ambiguity inherent in structurally decoupled execution. Under modular composition and open participation markets, these mechanisms are structurally generative, implying that heuristic-based flow tracing has reached a formal observational boundary. We advocate for a paradigm shift toward AML based on execution semantics, focusing on the restitution of economic causality from atomic execution logic and state invariants rather than static graph connectivity. |
| title | PEB Separation and State Migration: Unmasking the New Frontiers of DeFi AML Evasion |
| topic | Cryptography and Security Trading and Market Microstructure |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.26290 |