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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.26824 |
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| _version_ | 1866917364763721728 |
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| author | Yang, Yi |
| author_facet | Yang, Yi |
| contents | The interpretation of high-precision cosmic ray spectra is fundamentally bottlenecked by uncertainties in fragmentation cross-sections. Traditional kinematic models, driven by phase-space expansions, typically predict complex, energy-dependent evolutions. However, AMS-02 measurements reveal that at high rigidities ($R > 30$~GV), secondary-to-secondary flux ratios (Li/B, Be/B, and Li/Be) strictly converge to energy-independent plateaus. To understand this anomaly, we explore a macroscopic geometric framework. The ultra-relativistic spallation of a target nucleus snaps residual strong-interaction flux tubes, inducing an extreme deceleration on the remnant. Using a semi-microscopic estimation based on the Woods-Saxon potential and pion exchange, we suggest this dynamically generates a causal horizon with an effective Unruh temperature $T_U \approx 5.6-5.8$~MeV. Utilizing the Be/B ratio as an absolute calibration channel, we extract an asymptotic scale of $6.08$~MeV, remarkably consistent with our theoretical estimation and the established nuclear liquid-gas phase transition limit. Subsequent blind tests on Lithium ratios demonstrate a universal zero-slope convergence, providing compelling evidence that a constant geometric thermal bath effectively supersedes complex microscopic kinematics at high energies. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_26824 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Universal Geometric Scaling in Cosmic Ray Spallation: Evidence of a Dynamical Causal Horizon from AMS-02 Yang, Yi High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Experiment The interpretation of high-precision cosmic ray spectra is fundamentally bottlenecked by uncertainties in fragmentation cross-sections. Traditional kinematic models, driven by phase-space expansions, typically predict complex, energy-dependent evolutions. However, AMS-02 measurements reveal that at high rigidities ($R > 30$~GV), secondary-to-secondary flux ratios (Li/B, Be/B, and Li/Be) strictly converge to energy-independent plateaus. To understand this anomaly, we explore a macroscopic geometric framework. The ultra-relativistic spallation of a target nucleus snaps residual strong-interaction flux tubes, inducing an extreme deceleration on the remnant. Using a semi-microscopic estimation based on the Woods-Saxon potential and pion exchange, we suggest this dynamically generates a causal horizon with an effective Unruh temperature $T_U \approx 5.6-5.8$~MeV. Utilizing the Be/B ratio as an absolute calibration channel, we extract an asymptotic scale of $6.08$~MeV, remarkably consistent with our theoretical estimation and the established nuclear liquid-gas phase transition limit. Subsequent blind tests on Lithium ratios demonstrate a universal zero-slope convergence, providing compelling evidence that a constant geometric thermal bath effectively supersedes complex microscopic kinematics at high energies. |
| title | Universal Geometric Scaling in Cosmic Ray Spallation: Evidence of a Dynamical Causal Horizon from AMS-02 |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.26824 |