FormalProofBench: Can Models Write Graduate Level Math Proofs That Are Formally Verified?

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Ravi, Nikil, Ying, Kexing, Nesterov, Vasilii, Krishnan, Rayan, Uskuplu, Elif, Xia, Bingyu, Aswedige, Janitha, Nashold, Langston
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Ravi, Nikil
Ying, Kexing
Nesterov, Vasilii
Krishnan, Rayan
Uskuplu, Elif
Xia, Bingyu
Aswedige, Janitha
Nashold, Langston
author_facet Ravi, Nikil
Ying, Kexing
Nesterov, Vasilii
Krishnan, Rayan
Uskuplu, Elif
Xia, Bingyu
Aswedige, Janitha
Nashold, Langston
contents We present FormalProofBench, a private benchmark designed to evaluate whether AI models can produce formally verified mathematical proofs at the graduate level. Each task pairs a natural-language problem with a Lean~4 formal statement, and a model must output a Lean proof accepted by the Lean 4 checker. FormalProofBench targets advanced undergraduate and graduate mathematics, with problems drawn from qualifying exams and standard textbooks across topics including analysis, algebra, probability, and logic. We evaluate a range of frontier models with an agentic harness, and find that the best-performing foundation model achieves 33.5% accuracy, with performance dropping rapidly after that. In addition to the accuracy numbers, we also provide empirical analysis of tool-use, failure modes, cost and latency, thereby providing a thorough evaluation of the formal-theorem proving abilities of frontier models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_26996
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle FormalProofBench: Can Models Write Graduate Level Math Proofs That Are Formally Verified?
Ravi, Nikil
Ying, Kexing
Nesterov, Vasilii
Krishnan, Rayan
Uskuplu, Elif
Xia, Bingyu
Aswedige, Janitha
Nashold, Langston
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
Programming Languages
We present FormalProofBench, a private benchmark designed to evaluate whether AI models can produce formally verified mathematical proofs at the graduate level. Each task pairs a natural-language problem with a Lean~4 formal statement, and a model must output a Lean proof accepted by the Lean 4 checker. FormalProofBench targets advanced undergraduate and graduate mathematics, with problems drawn from qualifying exams and standard textbooks across topics including analysis, algebra, probability, and logic. We evaluate a range of frontier models with an agentic harness, and find that the best-performing foundation model achieves 33.5% accuracy, with performance dropping rapidly after that. In addition to the accuracy numbers, we also provide empirical analysis of tool-use, failure modes, cost and latency, thereby providing a thorough evaluation of the formal-theorem proving abilities of frontier models.
title FormalProofBench: Can Models Write Graduate Level Math Proofs That Are Formally Verified?
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
Programming Languages
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.26996