Hyperbolic Cluster States for Fault-Tolerant Measurement-Based Quantum Computing
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866912986417856512 |
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| author | Mahmoud, Ahmed Adel Tournaire, Gabrielle Bachmann, Sven Rayan, Steven |
| author_facet | Mahmoud, Ahmed Adel Tournaire, Gabrielle Bachmann, Sven Rayan, Steven |
| contents | Fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) provides a compelling framework for fault-tolerant quantum computation, in which quantum information is processed through single-qubit measurements on a three-dimensional entangled resource known as cluster state. To date, this resource has been predominantly studied on Euclidean lattices, most notably in the Raussendorf-Harrington-Goyal (RHG) construction, which underlies topological fault tolerance in MBQC. In this work, we introduce the hyperbolic cluster state, a generalization of the three-dimensional cluster state to negatively curved geometries, obtained via the foliation of periodic hyperbolic lattices. We present an explicit construction of hyperbolic cluster states and investigate their fault-tolerant properties under a realistic circuit-level depolarizing noise model. Using large-scale numerical simulations, we perform memory experiments to characterize their logical error rates and decoding performance. Our results demonstrate that hyperbolic cluster states exhibit a fault-tolerance threshold comparable to that of the Euclidean RHG cluster state, while simultaneously supporting a constant encoding rate in the thermodynamic limit. This represents a substantial improvement in qubit overhead relative to conventional cluster-state constructions. These findings establish hyperbolic geometry as a powerful and experimentally relevant resource for scalable, fault-tolerant MBQC and open new avenues for leveraging negative curvature in quantum information processing. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_27004 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Hyperbolic Cluster States for Fault-Tolerant Measurement-Based Quantum Computing Mahmoud, Ahmed Adel Tournaire, Gabrielle Bachmann, Sven Rayan, Steven Quantum Physics Mathematical Physics Algebraic Geometry Algebraic Topology Fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) provides a compelling framework for fault-tolerant quantum computation, in which quantum information is processed through single-qubit measurements on a three-dimensional entangled resource known as cluster state. To date, this resource has been predominantly studied on Euclidean lattices, most notably in the Raussendorf-Harrington-Goyal (RHG) construction, which underlies topological fault tolerance in MBQC. In this work, we introduce the hyperbolic cluster state, a generalization of the three-dimensional cluster state to negatively curved geometries, obtained via the foliation of periodic hyperbolic lattices. We present an explicit construction of hyperbolic cluster states and investigate their fault-tolerant properties under a realistic circuit-level depolarizing noise model. Using large-scale numerical simulations, we perform memory experiments to characterize their logical error rates and decoding performance. Our results demonstrate that hyperbolic cluster states exhibit a fault-tolerance threshold comparable to that of the Euclidean RHG cluster state, while simultaneously supporting a constant encoding rate in the thermodynamic limit. This represents a substantial improvement in qubit overhead relative to conventional cluster-state constructions. These findings establish hyperbolic geometry as a powerful and experimentally relevant resource for scalable, fault-tolerant MBQC and open new avenues for leveraging negative curvature in quantum information processing. |
| title | Hyperbolic Cluster States for Fault-Tolerant Measurement-Based Quantum Computing |
| topic | Quantum Physics Mathematical Physics Algebraic Geometry Algebraic Topology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27004 |