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Main Authors: Zhang, Zixin, Wang, Wenqin, Ma, Xinyue, Chen, Zhangliang, Wang, Yonghao, Yu, Cong, Liu, Shangfei, Gao, Yang, Tang, Baitian, Chen, Dichang, Ma, Bo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27215
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author Zhang, Zixin
Wang, Wenqin
Ma, Xinyue
Chen, Zhangliang
Wang, Yonghao
Yu, Cong
Liu, Shangfei
Gao, Yang
Tang, Baitian
Chen, Dichang
Ma, Bo
author_facet Zhang, Zixin
Wang, Wenqin
Ma, Xinyue
Chen, Zhangliang
Wang, Yonghao
Yu, Cong
Liu, Shangfei
Gao, Yang
Tang, Baitian
Chen, Dichang
Ma, Bo
contents Co-orbital bodies (Trojans) share a 1:1 mean-motion resonance with a planet. Although Trojans are common in the Solar System, none has yet been confirmed in an exoplanetary system. Hot Jupiters are not expected to retain primordial co-orbitals efficiently, but their deep and frequent transits make them favorable targets for observational constraints using transit timing variations (TTVs). As part of the ExoEcho project, we analyze TESS photometry for 260 confirmed hot Jupiters with published RV-based masses to search for TTV signals compatible with Trojan companions. We derive transit times and compare the observed residuals with co-orbital models computed with REBOUND N-body simulations. Accounting for the degeneracy between Trojan mass and libration amplitude, we place upper mass limits on possible companions over a range of typical libration amplitudes. For a representative libration amplitude of 15 deg, we rule out exotrojans more massive than 1 Earth mass in 130 systems, corresponding to about 50% of the sample. A more conservative chi-square analysis that incorporates observational uncertainties raises this threshold to 3 Earth masses. We further combine these limits with dynamical-stability constraints for the 1:1 resonance to exclude unstable configurations. Our results provide population-level constraints on massive exotrojans in short-period systems and establish a framework for future high-precision searches with missions such as PLATO and ET (Earth 2.0).
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_27215
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Constraining the presence of exotrojans in hot Jupiter systems using TTV observations from TESS
Zhang, Zixin
Wang, Wenqin
Ma, Xinyue
Chen, Zhangliang
Wang, Yonghao
Yu, Cong
Liu, Shangfei
Gao, Yang
Tang, Baitian
Chen, Dichang
Ma, Bo
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Co-orbital bodies (Trojans) share a 1:1 mean-motion resonance with a planet. Although Trojans are common in the Solar System, none has yet been confirmed in an exoplanetary system. Hot Jupiters are not expected to retain primordial co-orbitals efficiently, but their deep and frequent transits make them favorable targets for observational constraints using transit timing variations (TTVs). As part of the ExoEcho project, we analyze TESS photometry for 260 confirmed hot Jupiters with published RV-based masses to search for TTV signals compatible with Trojan companions. We derive transit times and compare the observed residuals with co-orbital models computed with REBOUND N-body simulations. Accounting for the degeneracy between Trojan mass and libration amplitude, we place upper mass limits on possible companions over a range of typical libration amplitudes. For a representative libration amplitude of 15 deg, we rule out exotrojans more massive than 1 Earth mass in 130 systems, corresponding to about 50% of the sample. A more conservative chi-square analysis that incorporates observational uncertainties raises this threshold to 3 Earth masses. We further combine these limits with dynamical-stability constraints for the 1:1 resonance to exclude unstable configurations. Our results provide population-level constraints on massive exotrojans in short-period systems and establish a framework for future high-precision searches with missions such as PLATO and ET (Earth 2.0).
title Constraining the presence of exotrojans in hot Jupiter systems using TTV observations from TESS
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27215