Fine Structures of Berry Curvature and Unquantized Valley Chern Numbers in Valley Photonic Crystals

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Dai, Wei, Yoda, Taiki, Moritake, Yuto, Notomi, Masaya
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Dai, Wei
Yoda, Taiki
Moritake, Yuto
Notomi, Masaya
author_facet Dai, Wei
Yoda, Taiki
Moritake, Yuto
Notomi, Masaya
contents Valley photonics has emerged as a promising platform in topological photonic systems, yet the topological nature of valley-dependent phenomena remains unsettled. Theoretically, inter-valley scattering may occur with structural imperfections, and global Chern numbers vanish due to time-reversal symmetry. As a result, valley-dependent topology is locally defined around K(K') points in the half-Brillouin zone (HBZ). While half-integer valley Chern numbers have been widely assumed, their quantization and topological validity remain controversial. Here, we systematically investigate a continuous spectrum of valley photonic crystal designs by evaluating their Berry curvatures, valley Chern numbers, and angular momenta. We show that valley Chern numbers are generically unquan-tized and instead form a continuous spectrum varying with structural parameters. We further reveal previously unexplored fine structures in the Berry curvature distribution in momentum space. The unquantized valley Chern numbers are attributed to inter- and intra-valley cancellation of Berry curvature, highlighting the absence of a protecting mechanism for quantization. Our results call for a reassessment of valley-dependent topology and provide a more rigorous framework for interpreting valley-related photonic phenomena.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_27244
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Fine Structures of Berry Curvature and Unquantized Valley Chern Numbers in Valley Photonic Crystals
Dai, Wei
Yoda, Taiki
Moritake, Yuto
Notomi, Masaya
Optics
Valley photonics has emerged as a promising platform in topological photonic systems, yet the topological nature of valley-dependent phenomena remains unsettled. Theoretically, inter-valley scattering may occur with structural imperfections, and global Chern numbers vanish due to time-reversal symmetry. As a result, valley-dependent topology is locally defined around K(K') points in the half-Brillouin zone (HBZ). While half-integer valley Chern numbers have been widely assumed, their quantization and topological validity remain controversial. Here, we systematically investigate a continuous spectrum of valley photonic crystal designs by evaluating their Berry curvatures, valley Chern numbers, and angular momenta. We show that valley Chern numbers are generically unquan-tized and instead form a continuous spectrum varying with structural parameters. We further reveal previously unexplored fine structures in the Berry curvature distribution in momentum space. The unquantized valley Chern numbers are attributed to inter- and intra-valley cancellation of Berry curvature, highlighting the absence of a protecting mechanism for quantization. Our results call for a reassessment of valley-dependent topology and provide a more rigorous framework for interpreting valley-related photonic phenomena.
title Fine Structures of Berry Curvature and Unquantized Valley Chern Numbers in Valley Photonic Crystals
topic Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27244