jaxsgp4: GPU-accelerated mega-constellation propagation with batch parallelism

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Priestley, Charlotte, Handley, Will
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Priestley, Charlotte
Handley, Will
author_facet Priestley, Charlotte
Handley, Will
contents As the population of anthropogenic space objects transitions from sparse clusters to mega-constellations exceeding 100,000 satellites, traditional orbital propagation techniques face a critical bottleneck. Standard CPU-bound implementations of the Simplified General Perturbations 4 (SGP4) algorithm are less well suited to handle the requisite scale of collision avoidance and Space Situational Awareness (SSA) tasks. This paper introduces \texttt{jaxsgp4}, an open-source high-performance reimplementation of SGP4 utilising the \texttt{JAX} library. \texttt{JAX} has gained traction in the landscape of computational research, offering an easy mechanism for Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation, automatic vectorisation and automatic optimisation of code for CPU, GPU and TPU hardware modalities. By refactoring the algorithm into a pure functional paradigm, we leverage these transformations to execute massively parallel propagations on modern GPUs. We demonstrate that \texttt{jaxsgp4} can propagate the entire Starlink constellation (9,341 satellites) each to 1,000 future time steps in under 4 ms on a single A100 GPU, representing a speedup of $1500\times$ over traditional C++ baselines. Furthermore, we argue that the use of 32-bit precision for SGP4 propagation tasks offers a principled trade-off, sacrificing negligible precision loss for a substantial gain in throughput on hardware accelerators.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_27830
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle jaxsgp4: GPU-accelerated mega-constellation propagation with batch parallelism
Priestley, Charlotte
Handley, Will
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Machine Learning
As the population of anthropogenic space objects transitions from sparse clusters to mega-constellations exceeding 100,000 satellites, traditional orbital propagation techniques face a critical bottleneck. Standard CPU-bound implementations of the Simplified General Perturbations 4 (SGP4) algorithm are less well suited to handle the requisite scale of collision avoidance and Space Situational Awareness (SSA) tasks. This paper introduces \texttt{jaxsgp4}, an open-source high-performance reimplementation of SGP4 utilising the \texttt{JAX} library. \texttt{JAX} has gained traction in the landscape of computational research, offering an easy mechanism for Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation, automatic vectorisation and automatic optimisation of code for CPU, GPU and TPU hardware modalities. By refactoring the algorithm into a pure functional paradigm, we leverage these transformations to execute massively parallel propagations on modern GPUs. We demonstrate that \texttt{jaxsgp4} can propagate the entire Starlink constellation (9,341 satellites) each to 1,000 future time steps in under 4 ms on a single A100 GPU, representing a speedup of $1500\times$ over traditional C++ baselines. Furthermore, we argue that the use of 32-bit precision for SGP4 propagation tasks offers a principled trade-off, sacrificing negligible precision loss for a substantial gain in throughput on hardware accelerators.
title jaxsgp4: GPU-accelerated mega-constellation propagation with batch parallelism
topic Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27830