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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28017 |
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| _version_ | 1866911552855080960 |
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| author | Manaka, Haruki Yamada, Yasuhiro |
| author_facet | Manaka, Haruki Yamada, Yasuhiro |
| contents | Anti-Stokes optical cooling in diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers is experimentally and numerically investigated. Photoluminescence-excitation spectroscopy reveals pronounced phonon-assisted anti-Stokes emission under excitation below the zero-phonon line (ZPL). However, the below-ZPL excitation drives photoinduced charge-state conversion between negatively-charged NV- and neutral NV0, thereby suppressing the NV- mediated cooling channel. Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements reveal an increase in the effective PL lifetime with excitation density, reflecting an increasing NV0 contribution. By fitting nanosecond and millisecond PL dynamics with a minimal rate-equation model, we extract effective optical pumping and charge-conversion rates, which enables us to quantitatively simulate the cooling performance. The simulations predict a self-limiting behavior of anti-Stokes cooling and clarify the excitation conditions under which net cooling can be sustained within this effective model. The estimated cooling power per NV center is comparable, on a microscopic basis, to values discussed for semiconductor quantum dots and rare-earth optical coolers. These results identify charge-state conversion as a key bottleneck for defect-based optical refrigeration. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_28017 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Self-Limiting Mechanism of Anti-Stokes Optical Cooling in Diamond NV Centers Manaka, Haruki Yamada, Yasuhiro Materials Science Anti-Stokes optical cooling in diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers is experimentally and numerically investigated. Photoluminescence-excitation spectroscopy reveals pronounced phonon-assisted anti-Stokes emission under excitation below the zero-phonon line (ZPL). However, the below-ZPL excitation drives photoinduced charge-state conversion between negatively-charged NV- and neutral NV0, thereby suppressing the NV- mediated cooling channel. Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements reveal an increase in the effective PL lifetime with excitation density, reflecting an increasing NV0 contribution. By fitting nanosecond and millisecond PL dynamics with a minimal rate-equation model, we extract effective optical pumping and charge-conversion rates, which enables us to quantitatively simulate the cooling performance. The simulations predict a self-limiting behavior of anti-Stokes cooling and clarify the excitation conditions under which net cooling can be sustained within this effective model. The estimated cooling power per NV center is comparable, on a microscopic basis, to values discussed for semiconductor quantum dots and rare-earth optical coolers. These results identify charge-state conversion as a key bottleneck for defect-based optical refrigeration. |
| title | Self-Limiting Mechanism of Anti-Stokes Optical Cooling in Diamond NV Centers |
| topic | Materials Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28017 |