Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid and charge-density wave in a quasi-one-dimensional material
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866911553337425920 |
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| author | Li, Jing Yang, Guo-Wei Li, Bai-Zhuo Liu, Yi Wu, Si-Qi Liu, Ji-Yong Bao, Jin-Ke Yan, Xiaoxian Li, Hua-Xun Li, Jia-Xin Wang, Jia-Lu Sun, Yun-Lei Lu, Yi-Ming Lu, Jia-Yi Lin, Yi-Qiang Xing, Hui Cao, Chao Jiang, Hao Liu, Yang Cao, Guang-Han Lin, Hai-Qing |
| author_facet | Li, Jing Yang, Guo-Wei Li, Bai-Zhuo Liu, Yi Wu, Si-Qi Liu, Ji-Yong Bao, Jin-Ke Yan, Xiaoxian Li, Hua-Xun Li, Jia-Xin Wang, Jia-Lu Sun, Yun-Lei Lu, Yi-Ming Lu, Jia-Yi Lin, Yi-Qiang Xing, Hui Cao, Chao Jiang, Hao Liu, Yang Cao, Guang-Han Lin, Hai-Qing |
| contents | In one-dimensional (1D) electron systems, the Fermi liquid state breaks down due either to electron interactions, which results in a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) state, or to Peierls instability, which leads to an insulating charge-density-wave (CDW) phase. In general, these two phenomena are mutually exclusive, and their coexistence remains elusive in real materials. Here, we report the discovery of a new quasi-1D material, Cs$_{1-δ}$Cr$_3$S$_3$, which unexpectedly exhibits coexistence of the antithetical CDW and TLL states. The CDW state is evidenced by the intra-unit-cell dimerization, and the opening of an optical band gap of $\sim$250 meV. Meanwhile, TLL behaviour is unambiguously demonstrated by the measurements of electrical transport and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, which reveal a power-law scaling with temperature, bias voltage and electron energy. Band structure calculations reveal isolated, linearly dispersive, 1D bands around the Fermi level. For the dimerized CDW phase, the 1D Fermi-surface sheets located at the boundary of the Brillouin zone are gapped from intra-unit-cell bond symmetry breaking. Experimentally, subtle Cs vacancies shift the Fermi level into the linearly dispersive valence band, enabling the observation of TLL behaviour without interrupting the CDW order. This work establishes Cs$_{1-δ}$Cr$_3$S$_3$ as a rare material platform in which the antagonistic Fermi-liquid instabilities coexist and intertwine, opening new avenues for studying emergent quantum phenomena in 1D systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_28186 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid and charge-density wave in a quasi-one-dimensional material Li, Jing Yang, Guo-Wei Li, Bai-Zhuo Liu, Yi Wu, Si-Qi Liu, Ji-Yong Bao, Jin-Ke Yan, Xiaoxian Li, Hua-Xun Li, Jia-Xin Wang, Jia-Lu Sun, Yun-Lei Lu, Yi-Ming Lu, Jia-Yi Lin, Yi-Qiang Xing, Hui Cao, Chao Jiang, Hao Liu, Yang Cao, Guang-Han Lin, Hai-Qing Strongly Correlated Electrons Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Materials Science In one-dimensional (1D) electron systems, the Fermi liquid state breaks down due either to electron interactions, which results in a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) state, or to Peierls instability, which leads to an insulating charge-density-wave (CDW) phase. In general, these two phenomena are mutually exclusive, and their coexistence remains elusive in real materials. Here, we report the discovery of a new quasi-1D material, Cs$_{1-δ}$Cr$_3$S$_3$, which unexpectedly exhibits coexistence of the antithetical CDW and TLL states. The CDW state is evidenced by the intra-unit-cell dimerization, and the opening of an optical band gap of $\sim$250 meV. Meanwhile, TLL behaviour is unambiguously demonstrated by the measurements of electrical transport and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, which reveal a power-law scaling with temperature, bias voltage and electron energy. Band structure calculations reveal isolated, linearly dispersive, 1D bands around the Fermi level. For the dimerized CDW phase, the 1D Fermi-surface sheets located at the boundary of the Brillouin zone are gapped from intra-unit-cell bond symmetry breaking. Experimentally, subtle Cs vacancies shift the Fermi level into the linearly dispersive valence band, enabling the observation of TLL behaviour without interrupting the CDW order. This work establishes Cs$_{1-δ}$Cr$_3$S$_3$ as a rare material platform in which the antagonistic Fermi-liquid instabilities coexist and intertwine, opening new avenues for studying emergent quantum phenomena in 1D systems. |
| title | Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid and charge-density wave in a quasi-one-dimensional material |
| topic | Strongly Correlated Electrons Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Materials Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28186 |