Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid and charge-density wave in a quasi-one-dimensional material

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Main Authors: Li, Jing, Yang, Guo-Wei, Li, Bai-Zhuo, Liu, Yi, Wu, Si-Qi, Liu, Ji-Yong, Bao, Jin-Ke, Yan, Xiaoxian, Li, Hua-Xun, Li, Jia-Xin, Wang, Jia-Lu, Sun, Yun-Lei, Lu, Yi-Ming, Lu, Jia-Yi, Lin, Yi-Qiang, Xing, Hui, Cao, Chao, Jiang, Hao, Liu, Yang, Cao, Guang-Han, Lin, Hai-Qing
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Li, Jing
Yang, Guo-Wei
Li, Bai-Zhuo
Liu, Yi
Wu, Si-Qi
Liu, Ji-Yong
Bao, Jin-Ke
Yan, Xiaoxian
Li, Hua-Xun
Li, Jia-Xin
Wang, Jia-Lu
Sun, Yun-Lei
Lu, Yi-Ming
Lu, Jia-Yi
Lin, Yi-Qiang
Xing, Hui
Cao, Chao
Jiang, Hao
Liu, Yang
Cao, Guang-Han
Lin, Hai-Qing
author_facet Li, Jing
Yang, Guo-Wei
Li, Bai-Zhuo
Liu, Yi
Wu, Si-Qi
Liu, Ji-Yong
Bao, Jin-Ke
Yan, Xiaoxian
Li, Hua-Xun
Li, Jia-Xin
Wang, Jia-Lu
Sun, Yun-Lei
Lu, Yi-Ming
Lu, Jia-Yi
Lin, Yi-Qiang
Xing, Hui
Cao, Chao
Jiang, Hao
Liu, Yang
Cao, Guang-Han
Lin, Hai-Qing
contents In one-dimensional (1D) electron systems, the Fermi liquid state breaks down due either to electron interactions, which results in a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) state, or to Peierls instability, which leads to an insulating charge-density-wave (CDW) phase. In general, these two phenomena are mutually exclusive, and their coexistence remains elusive in real materials. Here, we report the discovery of a new quasi-1D material, Cs$_{1-δ}$Cr$_3$S$_3$, which unexpectedly exhibits coexistence of the antithetical CDW and TLL states. The CDW state is evidenced by the intra-unit-cell dimerization, and the opening of an optical band gap of $\sim$250 meV. Meanwhile, TLL behaviour is unambiguously demonstrated by the measurements of electrical transport and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, which reveal a power-law scaling with temperature, bias voltage and electron energy. Band structure calculations reveal isolated, linearly dispersive, 1D bands around the Fermi level. For the dimerized CDW phase, the 1D Fermi-surface sheets located at the boundary of the Brillouin zone are gapped from intra-unit-cell bond symmetry breaking. Experimentally, subtle Cs vacancies shift the Fermi level into the linearly dispersive valence band, enabling the observation of TLL behaviour without interrupting the CDW order. This work establishes Cs$_{1-δ}$Cr$_3$S$_3$ as a rare material platform in which the antagonistic Fermi-liquid instabilities coexist and intertwine, opening new avenues for studying emergent quantum phenomena in 1D systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_28186
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid and charge-density wave in a quasi-one-dimensional material
Li, Jing
Yang, Guo-Wei
Li, Bai-Zhuo
Liu, Yi
Wu, Si-Qi
Liu, Ji-Yong
Bao, Jin-Ke
Yan, Xiaoxian
Li, Hua-Xun
Li, Jia-Xin
Wang, Jia-Lu
Sun, Yun-Lei
Lu, Yi-Ming
Lu, Jia-Yi
Lin, Yi-Qiang
Xing, Hui
Cao, Chao
Jiang, Hao
Liu, Yang
Cao, Guang-Han
Lin, Hai-Qing
Strongly Correlated Electrons
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Materials Science
In one-dimensional (1D) electron systems, the Fermi liquid state breaks down due either to electron interactions, which results in a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) state, or to Peierls instability, which leads to an insulating charge-density-wave (CDW) phase. In general, these two phenomena are mutually exclusive, and their coexistence remains elusive in real materials. Here, we report the discovery of a new quasi-1D material, Cs$_{1-δ}$Cr$_3$S$_3$, which unexpectedly exhibits coexistence of the antithetical CDW and TLL states. The CDW state is evidenced by the intra-unit-cell dimerization, and the opening of an optical band gap of $\sim$250 meV. Meanwhile, TLL behaviour is unambiguously demonstrated by the measurements of electrical transport and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, which reveal a power-law scaling with temperature, bias voltage and electron energy. Band structure calculations reveal isolated, linearly dispersive, 1D bands around the Fermi level. For the dimerized CDW phase, the 1D Fermi-surface sheets located at the boundary of the Brillouin zone are gapped from intra-unit-cell bond symmetry breaking. Experimentally, subtle Cs vacancies shift the Fermi level into the linearly dispersive valence band, enabling the observation of TLL behaviour without interrupting the CDW order. This work establishes Cs$_{1-δ}$Cr$_3$S$_3$ as a rare material platform in which the antagonistic Fermi-liquid instabilities coexist and intertwine, opening new avenues for studying emergent quantum phenomena in 1D systems.
title Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid and charge-density wave in a quasi-one-dimensional material
topic Strongly Correlated Electrons
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28186