Shy Guys: A Light-Weight Approach to Detecting Robots on Websites

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Van Boxem, Rémi, Barbette, Tom, Pelsser, Cristel, Sadre, Ramin
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Van Boxem, Rémi
Barbette, Tom
Pelsser, Cristel
Sadre, Ramin
author_facet Van Boxem, Rémi
Barbette, Tom
Pelsser, Cristel
Sadre, Ramin
contents Automated bots now account for roughly half of all web requests, and an increasing number deliberately spoof their identity to either evade detection or to not respect robots.txt. Existing countermeasures are either resource-intensive (JavaScript challenges, CAPTCHAs), cost-prohibitive (commercial solutions), or degrade the user experience. This paper proposes a lightweight, passive approach to bot detection that combines user-agent string analysis with favicon-based heuristics, operating entirely on standard web server logs with no client-side interaction. We evaluate the method on over 4.6 million requests containing 54,945 unique user-agent strings collected from website hosted all around the earth. Our approach detects 67.7% of bot traffic while maintaining a false-positive rate of 3%, outperforming state of the art (less than 20%). This method can serve as a first line of defence, routing only genuinely ambiguous requests to active challenges and preserving the experience of legitimate users.
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publishDate 2026
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spellingShingle Shy Guys: A Light-Weight Approach to Detecting Robots on Websites
Van Boxem, Rémi
Barbette, Tom
Pelsser, Cristel
Sadre, Ramin
Networking and Internet Architecture
Cryptography and Security
Automated bots now account for roughly half of all web requests, and an increasing number deliberately spoof their identity to either evade detection or to not respect robots.txt. Existing countermeasures are either resource-intensive (JavaScript challenges, CAPTCHAs), cost-prohibitive (commercial solutions), or degrade the user experience. This paper proposes a lightweight, passive approach to bot detection that combines user-agent string analysis with favicon-based heuristics, operating entirely on standard web server logs with no client-side interaction. We evaluate the method on over 4.6 million requests containing 54,945 unique user-agent strings collected from website hosted all around the earth. Our approach detects 67.7% of bot traffic while maintaining a false-positive rate of 3%, outperforming state of the art (less than 20%). This method can serve as a first line of defence, routing only genuinely ambiguous requests to active challenges and preserving the experience of legitimate users.
title Shy Guys: A Light-Weight Approach to Detecting Robots on Websites
topic Networking and Internet Architecture
Cryptography and Security
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28546