Observation of Floquet-induced gap in graphene
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866908921824804864 |
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| author | Wang, Fei Cai, Xuanxi Tang, Xiao Lu, Jinxi Chen, Wanying Sheng, Tianshuang Feng, Runfa Zhong, Haoyuan Zhang, Hongyun Yu, Pu Zhou, Shuyun |
| author_facet | Wang, Fei Cai, Xuanxi Tang, Xiao Lu, Jinxi Chen, Wanying Sheng, Tianshuang Feng, Runfa Zhong, Haoyuan Zhang, Hongyun Yu, Pu Zhou, Shuyun |
| contents | Floquet engineering provides a powerful pathway for creating non-equilibrium phases of matter with tailored electronic structures and properties through time-periodic driving. As the original theoretical prototype, graphene established the framework in which the Floquet topological insulator with light-induced anomalous Hall effect was proposed. However, the defining spectroscopic signature of Floquet engineering in graphene--light-induced hybridization (avoided-crossing) gap at Floquet band crossings, has remained experimentally elusive. Here, we report direct observation of Floquet-induced hybridization gap in monolayer graphene under resonant driving by a strong light field. Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals gap opening at Floquet band crossings, accompanied by coherent Floquet sidebands. The gap exhibits pronounced momentum anisotropy, featuring two Dirac nodes protected by the spatiotemporal symmetry and tunable by light polarization. These results provide long-sought experimental demonstration of Floquet band engineering in graphene, opening up opportunities for light-field engineered quantum phases in graphene and related materials. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_28725 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Observation of Floquet-induced gap in graphene Wang, Fei Cai, Xuanxi Tang, Xiao Lu, Jinxi Chen, Wanying Sheng, Tianshuang Feng, Runfa Zhong, Haoyuan Zhang, Hongyun Yu, Pu Zhou, Shuyun Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Materials Science Floquet engineering provides a powerful pathway for creating non-equilibrium phases of matter with tailored electronic structures and properties through time-periodic driving. As the original theoretical prototype, graphene established the framework in which the Floquet topological insulator with light-induced anomalous Hall effect was proposed. However, the defining spectroscopic signature of Floquet engineering in graphene--light-induced hybridization (avoided-crossing) gap at Floquet band crossings, has remained experimentally elusive. Here, we report direct observation of Floquet-induced hybridization gap in monolayer graphene under resonant driving by a strong light field. Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals gap opening at Floquet band crossings, accompanied by coherent Floquet sidebands. The gap exhibits pronounced momentum anisotropy, featuring two Dirac nodes protected by the spatiotemporal symmetry and tunable by light polarization. These results provide long-sought experimental demonstration of Floquet band engineering in graphene, opening up opportunities for light-field engineered quantum phases in graphene and related materials. |
| title | Observation of Floquet-induced gap in graphene |
| topic | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Materials Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28725 |