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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28785 |
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Table of Contents:
- Micrometeoroids enter Earth's atmosphere at hypervelocity speeds and experience rapid coupling between drag, heating, radiation, melting, ablation, and deceleration. This paper develops a reduced threshold model for the thermal survival boundary of spherical micrometeoroids. The model uses free molecular drag, an exponential atmosphere, projected-area heating, full-sphere radiative cooling, and a surplus-heat ablation rule at the melting temperature. The switching surface $T=T_m$ is treated as a Filippov/complementarity surface. Sustained melting occurs when the local heating-to-radiation ratio exceeds unity. Under the additional Allen--Eggers assumptions of constant radius, constant entry angle, negligible gravity during the main heating interval, and constant transport coefficients, this threshold yields the classical approximate survival scaling $r_0^{\rm crit}\sim v_0^{-3}$. An exact radius-loss identity is obtained along the prescribed Allen--Eggers trajectory, and a perturbative stability estimate explains when this expression approximates the full reduced model. The inverse problem is formulated through a transfer matrix from pre-atmospheric entry bins to observed survivor bins. Entry bins with zero survival probability lie in the survivor-only null space and require external information for reconstruction. The framework gives a compact analytical description of threshold entry survival and identifies the information lost when only surviving particles are observed.