Machine Learning-Based Cluster Classification to Suppress Background in a Prototype RPC Detector
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arXiv
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911678772281344 |
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| author | Chattopadhay, Souvik Ahammed, Zubayer |
| author_facet | Chattopadhay, Souvik Ahammed, Zubayer |
| contents | Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are widely used as tracking detectors in many high-energy physics experiments. It has been observed that low-resistive bakelite RPC prototypes frequently exhibit a secondary hit component, appearing as a long tail or an additional peak in the time-correlation spectra relative to the trigger detector. These secondary hits, which affect both the time and spatial resolution, are difficult to distinguish from genuine signals in high-rate environments without an external trigger. As a result, they can significantly degrade track reconstruction efficiency and increase processing time. We present a machine-learning-based strategy to separate signal and background hit clusters using fifteen cluster-level descriptors that encode both statistical properties (histogram mean, width, cluster size) and fit-based parameters (Gaussian-fit mean, width, amplitude, chi^2, NDF) of the time and ADC distributions. Using laboratory data collected from a single-gap low resistive RPC with a three-scintillator master trigger, we trained and evaluated three classifiers-DNN, 1D-CNN, and XGBoost-on balanced signal/background samples. All models demonstrate strong discrimination capability, with XGBoost showing the most robust generalization performance. Feature-importance analysis indicates that cluster size and temporal-shape descriptors are the dominant discriminants. These results highlight that compact, interpretable cluster-level features combined with machine-learning classifiers offer a practical and effective approach to suppress background in self-triggering low resistive RPC detectors. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_28835 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Machine Learning-Based Cluster Classification to Suppress Background in a Prototype RPC Detector Chattopadhay, Souvik Ahammed, Zubayer Instrumentation and Detectors High Energy Physics - Experiment Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are widely used as tracking detectors in many high-energy physics experiments. It has been observed that low-resistive bakelite RPC prototypes frequently exhibit a secondary hit component, appearing as a long tail or an additional peak in the time-correlation spectra relative to the trigger detector. These secondary hits, which affect both the time and spatial resolution, are difficult to distinguish from genuine signals in high-rate environments without an external trigger. As a result, they can significantly degrade track reconstruction efficiency and increase processing time. We present a machine-learning-based strategy to separate signal and background hit clusters using fifteen cluster-level descriptors that encode both statistical properties (histogram mean, width, cluster size) and fit-based parameters (Gaussian-fit mean, width, amplitude, chi^2, NDF) of the time and ADC distributions. Using laboratory data collected from a single-gap low resistive RPC with a three-scintillator master trigger, we trained and evaluated three classifiers-DNN, 1D-CNN, and XGBoost-on balanced signal/background samples. All models demonstrate strong discrimination capability, with XGBoost showing the most robust generalization performance. Feature-importance analysis indicates that cluster size and temporal-shape descriptors are the dominant discriminants. These results highlight that compact, interpretable cluster-level features combined with machine-learning classifiers offer a practical and effective approach to suppress background in self-triggering low resistive RPC detectors. |
| title | Machine Learning-Based Cluster Classification to Suppress Background in a Prototype RPC Detector |
| topic | Instrumentation and Detectors High Energy Physics - Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28835 |