Effects of measurements on entanglement dynamics for $1+1$D $\mathbb Z_2$ lattice gauge theory
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911555827793920 |
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| author | Chakrabarti, Nilachal Ara, Nisa Nirbhan, Neha Bhattacharyya, Arpan Raychowdhury, Indrakshi |
| author_facet | Chakrabarti, Nilachal Ara, Nisa Nirbhan, Neha Bhattacharyya, Arpan Raychowdhury, Indrakshi |
| contents | The $1+1$ dimensional $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge theory is the simplest model that allows for quantum simulation to probe the fundamental aspects of a gauge theory coupled with dynamical fermions. To reliably benchmark such a system, it is crucial to understand the non-unitary quantum dynamics arising from the underlying non-Hermitian evolution and to model the effects of quantum measurements. This work focuses on measuring physical observables for a $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge theory. Tensor network calculations are performed to probe the effect of measurement for larger lattice sizes (up to 256-site systems). Using Matrix Product State calculations, the dynamics of entanglement entropy are studied as a function of the measurement rate and the coupling constant. We find that, under both local and non-local measurements, the late-time saturation value of the bipartite entanglement entropy remains independent of system size, indicating the absence of a measurement-induced phase transition in the no-click limit. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_28877 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Effects of measurements on entanglement dynamics for $1+1$D $\mathbb Z_2$ lattice gauge theory Chakrabarti, Nilachal Ara, Nisa Nirbhan, Neha Bhattacharyya, Arpan Raychowdhury, Indrakshi Quantum Physics Strongly Correlated Electrons High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Theory The $1+1$ dimensional $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge theory is the simplest model that allows for quantum simulation to probe the fundamental aspects of a gauge theory coupled with dynamical fermions. To reliably benchmark such a system, it is crucial to understand the non-unitary quantum dynamics arising from the underlying non-Hermitian evolution and to model the effects of quantum measurements. This work focuses on measuring physical observables for a $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge theory. Tensor network calculations are performed to probe the effect of measurement for larger lattice sizes (up to 256-site systems). Using Matrix Product State calculations, the dynamics of entanglement entropy are studied as a function of the measurement rate and the coupling constant. We find that, under both local and non-local measurements, the late-time saturation value of the bipartite entanglement entropy remains independent of system size, indicating the absence of a measurement-induced phase transition in the no-click limit. |
| title | Effects of measurements on entanglement dynamics for $1+1$D $\mathbb Z_2$ lattice gauge theory |
| topic | Quantum Physics Strongly Correlated Electrons High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28877 |