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Main Authors: Lu, Annie, Tan, Hong Kiat, Xue, Alexander, Koniges, Alice, Bertozzi, Andrea L.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.29055
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author Lu, Annie
Tan, Hong Kiat
Xue, Alexander
Koniges, Alice
Bertozzi, Andrea L.
author_facet Lu, Annie
Tan, Hong Kiat
Xue, Alexander
Koniges, Alice
Bertozzi, Andrea L.
contents The 2023 Lahaina wildfire killed 102 people on a peninsula served by a single two-lane highway, making exit lane capacity the binding constraint on evacuation time. We model the evacuation as a system of hyperbolic scalar conservation laws on a directed graph with game-theoretic junction conditions that maximize total network flux, an evacuation-calibrated piecewise linear-quadratic flux function, and a loss-driven optimization framework that tunes traffic distribution toward priority corridors. Analytical results on a toy network and numerical simulations of the Lahaina road network reveal a phase transition in exit lane capacity. Additional lanes improve throughput linearly until a computable critical threshold, beyond which no route optimization yields further benefit. For Lahaina, reversing one southbound lane captures nearly all achievable improvement, and a fourth lane can be reserved for emergency vehicles with negligible impact on civilian clearance time. These results provide a rigorous mathematical basis for contraflow recommendations in wildland-urban interface evacuations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_29055
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Macroscopic Traffic Flow Network Modeling For Wildfire Evacuation: A Game-Theoretic Junction Optimization Approach with Application to Lahaina Fire
Lu, Annie
Tan, Hong Kiat
Xue, Alexander
Koniges, Alice
Bertozzi, Andrea L.
Numerical Analysis
Optimization and Control
Physics and Society
90B20, 35L65, 90C26, 90C35, 65M08, 91A80
The 2023 Lahaina wildfire killed 102 people on a peninsula served by a single two-lane highway, making exit lane capacity the binding constraint on evacuation time. We model the evacuation as a system of hyperbolic scalar conservation laws on a directed graph with game-theoretic junction conditions that maximize total network flux, an evacuation-calibrated piecewise linear-quadratic flux function, and a loss-driven optimization framework that tunes traffic distribution toward priority corridors. Analytical results on a toy network and numerical simulations of the Lahaina road network reveal a phase transition in exit lane capacity. Additional lanes improve throughput linearly until a computable critical threshold, beyond which no route optimization yields further benefit. For Lahaina, reversing one southbound lane captures nearly all achievable improvement, and a fourth lane can be reserved for emergency vehicles with negligible impact on civilian clearance time. These results provide a rigorous mathematical basis for contraflow recommendations in wildland-urban interface evacuations.
title Macroscopic Traffic Flow Network Modeling For Wildfire Evacuation: A Game-Theoretic Junction Optimization Approach with Application to Lahaina Fire
topic Numerical Analysis
Optimization and Control
Physics and Society
90B20, 35L65, 90C26, 90C35, 65M08, 91A80
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.29055