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Main Authors: Li, Xingyu, Wang, Rongguang, Wang, Yuying, Guo, Mengqing, Li, Chenyang, Sheng, Tao, Ravi, Sujith, Roth, Dan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.29085
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author Li, Xingyu
Wang, Rongguang
Wang, Yuying
Guo, Mengqing
Li, Chenyang
Sheng, Tao
Ravi, Sujith
Roth, Dan
author_facet Li, Xingyu
Wang, Rongguang
Wang, Yuying
Guo, Mengqing
Li, Chenyang
Sheng, Tao
Ravi, Sujith
Roth, Dan
contents Large language models (LLMs) remain brittle on multi-hop question answering (MHQA), where answering requires combining evidence across documents through retrieval and reasoning. Iterative retrieval systems can fail by locking onto an early low-recall trajectory and amplifying downstream errors, while planning-only approaches may produce static query sets that cannot adapt when intermediate evidence changes. We propose \textbf{Planned Active Retrieval and Reasoning RAG (PAR$^2$-RAG)}, a two-stage framework that separates \emph{coverage} from \emph{commitment}. PAR$^2$-RAG first performs breadth-first anchoring to build a high-recall evidence frontier, then applies depth-first refinement with evidence sufficiency control in an iterative loop. Across four MHQA benchmarks, PAR$^2$-RAG consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art baselines, compared with IRCoT, PAR$^2$-RAG achieves up to \textbf{23.5\%} higher accuracy, with retrieval gains of up to \textbf{10.5\%} in NDCG.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_29085
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle PAR$^2$-RAG: Planned Active Retrieval and Reasoning for Multi-Hop Question Answering
Li, Xingyu
Wang, Rongguang
Wang, Yuying
Guo, Mengqing
Li, Chenyang
Sheng, Tao
Ravi, Sujith
Roth, Dan
Artificial Intelligence
Large language models (LLMs) remain brittle on multi-hop question answering (MHQA), where answering requires combining evidence across documents through retrieval and reasoning. Iterative retrieval systems can fail by locking onto an early low-recall trajectory and amplifying downstream errors, while planning-only approaches may produce static query sets that cannot adapt when intermediate evidence changes. We propose \textbf{Planned Active Retrieval and Reasoning RAG (PAR$^2$-RAG)}, a two-stage framework that separates \emph{coverage} from \emph{commitment}. PAR$^2$-RAG first performs breadth-first anchoring to build a high-recall evidence frontier, then applies depth-first refinement with evidence sufficiency control in an iterative loop. Across four MHQA benchmarks, PAR$^2$-RAG consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art baselines, compared with IRCoT, PAR$^2$-RAG achieves up to \textbf{23.5\%} higher accuracy, with retrieval gains of up to \textbf{10.5\%} in NDCG.
title PAR$^2$-RAG: Planned Active Retrieval and Reasoning for Multi-Hop Question Answering
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.29085