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Main Authors: Du, Siyuan, Li, Siyi, Bai, Shuwei, Li, Ang, Li, Haolin, Xiao, Mingqing, Pan, Yang, Li, Dongsheng, Xie, Weidi, Wang, Yanfeng, Zhang, Ya, Zhang, Chencheng, Yao, Jiangchao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.29176
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author Du, Siyuan
Li, Siyi
Bai, Shuwei
Li, Ang
Li, Haolin
Xiao, Mingqing
Pan, Yang
Li, Dongsheng
Xie, Weidi
Wang, Yanfeng
Zhang, Ya
Zhang, Chencheng
Yao, Jiangchao
author_facet Du, Siyuan
Li, Siyi
Bai, Shuwei
Li, Ang
Li, Haolin
Xiao, Mingqing
Pan, Yang
Li, Dongsheng
Xie, Weidi
Wang, Yanfeng
Zhang, Ya
Zhang, Chencheng
Yao, Jiangchao
contents Parkinson's disease (PD) affects over ten million people worldwide. Although temporal interference (TI) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) are promising therapies, inter-individual variability limits empirical treatment selection, increasing non-negligible surgical risk and cost. Previous explorations either resort to limited statistical biomarkers that are insufficient to characterize variability, or employ AI-driven methods which is prone to overfitting and opacity. We bridge this gap with a pretraining-finetuning framework to predict outcomes directly from resting-state fMRI. Critically, a generative virtual brain foundation model, pretrained on a collective dataset (2707 subjects, 5621 sessions) to capture universal disorder patterns, was finetuned on PD cohorts receiving TI (n=51) or DBS (n=55) to yield individualized virtual brains with high fidelity to empirical functional connectivity (r=0.935). By constructing counterfactual estimations between pathological and healthy neural states within these personalized models, we predicted clinical responses (TI: AUPR=0.853; DBS: AUPR=0.915), substantially outperforming baselines. External and prospective validations (n=14, n=11) highlight the feasibility of clinical translation. Moreover, our framework provides state-dependent regional patterns linked to response, offering hypothesis-generating mechanistic insights.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_29176
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Predicting Neuromodulation Outcome for Parkinson's Disease with Generative Virtual Brain Model
Du, Siyuan
Li, Siyi
Bai, Shuwei
Li, Ang
Li, Haolin
Xiao, Mingqing
Pan, Yang
Li, Dongsheng
Xie, Weidi
Wang, Yanfeng
Zhang, Ya
Zhang, Chencheng
Yao, Jiangchao
Neurons and Cognition
Artificial Intelligence
Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects over ten million people worldwide. Although temporal interference (TI) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) are promising therapies, inter-individual variability limits empirical treatment selection, increasing non-negligible surgical risk and cost. Previous explorations either resort to limited statistical biomarkers that are insufficient to characterize variability, or employ AI-driven methods which is prone to overfitting and opacity. We bridge this gap with a pretraining-finetuning framework to predict outcomes directly from resting-state fMRI. Critically, a generative virtual brain foundation model, pretrained on a collective dataset (2707 subjects, 5621 sessions) to capture universal disorder patterns, was finetuned on PD cohorts receiving TI (n=51) or DBS (n=55) to yield individualized virtual brains with high fidelity to empirical functional connectivity (r=0.935). By constructing counterfactual estimations between pathological and healthy neural states within these personalized models, we predicted clinical responses (TI: AUPR=0.853; DBS: AUPR=0.915), substantially outperforming baselines. External and prospective validations (n=14, n=11) highlight the feasibility of clinical translation. Moreover, our framework provides state-dependent regional patterns linked to response, offering hypothesis-generating mechanistic insights.
title Predicting Neuromodulation Outcome for Parkinson's Disease with Generative Virtual Brain Model
topic Neurons and Cognition
Artificial Intelligence
Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.29176