Kondo scaling of $4f$-electron states and the Kondo singlet breakdown in heavy fermions
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Chiogo, B. Tegomo Tagliavini, M. Wong, D. Schulz, C. Porée, 1 V. Nicolaou, A. Feyerherm, R. Schweitzer, T. Mazet, T. Haverkort, M. W. Chainani, A. Malterre, D. Habicht, K. |
| author_facet | Chiogo, B. Tegomo Tagliavini, M. Wong, D. Schulz, C. Porée, 1 V. Nicolaou, A. Feyerherm, R. Schweitzer, T. Mazet, T. Haverkort, M. W. Chainani, A. Malterre, D. Habicht, K. |
| contents | The low-energy spin- and charge-sensitive thermodynamic properties of a broad range of strongly correlated 4f-electron systems follow Kondo scaling, with a characteristic Kondo temperature, $T_K$. While the theory is known for thermodynamic properties and high-energy spectroscopies of Kondo materials, the surface sensitivity of electron spectroscopy limits the extent to which Kondo scaling can be quantitatively verified. In this study, bulk-sensitive photon-in photon-out temperature-dependent resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), in combination with single-impurity Anderson model (SIAM) calculations, is used to provide quantitative evidence of low- and high-energy Kondo scaling in CeSi$_2$. RIXS Ce M$_5$-edge spectra show a clear decrease in the occupancy of the $f^0$ state as temperature increases accompanied by an increase of the spectral weight of the $f^1\underline L^1$ state, in good agreement with the SIAM calculations. The results demonstrate the breakdown of the Kondo singlet state, coupled with thermal occupation of the low-lying first-excited magnetic states. The RIXS data reveal a temperature evolution of the $f^n$ spectral weights, which is in stark contrast to that extracted from photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopies. This study provides an accurate spectroscopic method to determine the Kondo energy $k_B$$T_K$ that is consistent with thermodynamic measurements, and highlights soft X-ray RIXS as a quantitative bulk probe of low- and high-energy-scale hybridization effects in strongly correlated materials. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_29599 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Kondo scaling of $4f$-electron states and the Kondo singlet breakdown in heavy fermions Chiogo, B. Tegomo Tagliavini, M. Wong, D. Schulz, C. Porée, 1 V. Nicolaou, A. Feyerherm, R. Schweitzer, T. Mazet, T. Haverkort, M. W. Chainani, A. Malterre, D. Habicht, K. Strongly Correlated Electrons The low-energy spin- and charge-sensitive thermodynamic properties of a broad range of strongly correlated 4f-electron systems follow Kondo scaling, with a characteristic Kondo temperature, $T_K$. While the theory is known for thermodynamic properties and high-energy spectroscopies of Kondo materials, the surface sensitivity of electron spectroscopy limits the extent to which Kondo scaling can be quantitatively verified. In this study, bulk-sensitive photon-in photon-out temperature-dependent resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), in combination with single-impurity Anderson model (SIAM) calculations, is used to provide quantitative evidence of low- and high-energy Kondo scaling in CeSi$_2$. RIXS Ce M$_5$-edge spectra show a clear decrease in the occupancy of the $f^0$ state as temperature increases accompanied by an increase of the spectral weight of the $f^1\underline L^1$ state, in good agreement with the SIAM calculations. The results demonstrate the breakdown of the Kondo singlet state, coupled with thermal occupation of the low-lying first-excited magnetic states. The RIXS data reveal a temperature evolution of the $f^n$ spectral weights, which is in stark contrast to that extracted from photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopies. This study provides an accurate spectroscopic method to determine the Kondo energy $k_B$$T_K$ that is consistent with thermodynamic measurements, and highlights soft X-ray RIXS as a quantitative bulk probe of low- and high-energy-scale hybridization effects in strongly correlated materials. |
| title | Kondo scaling of $4f$-electron states and the Kondo singlet breakdown in heavy fermions |
| topic | Strongly Correlated Electrons |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.29599 |