Conventional and Unitarity-Conserving Peccei-Quinn Inflation Models and ACT

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: McDonald, J.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author McDonald, J.
author_facet McDonald, J.
contents We compare conventional non-minimally coupled Peccei-Quinn (PQ) inflation with a version of the model in which unitarity conservation is imposed by additional Jordan frame interactions. Assuming instantaneous reheating, the unitarity-conserving model is within 1$σ$ agreement with the central value of the scalar spectral index reported by the ACT collaboration, whereas conventional PQ inflation is more than 2$σ$ below the ACT central value. In the case where dark matter is composed of axions and PQ symmetry is not restored after inflation, the axion isocurvature constraint of the unitarity-conserving model typically allows a much larger axion decay constant $f_{a}$ than the conventional model, with the conventional model upper bound being comparable only if the PQ scalar self-coupling is extremely small, $λ\lesssim 10^{-10}$. For $λ= 0.1$, the axion isocurvature upper bounds are $f_{a} \lesssim 1.1 \times 10^{9} $ GeV for conventional PQ inflation and $f_{a} \lesssim 6.4 \times 10^{13}$ GeV for unitarity-conserving PQ inflation, with the latter bound being independent of $λ$. We also find a new isocurvature upper bound for conventional PQ inflation which is 650 times smaller than the existing bound. A modest reduction of the reheating temperature of the unitarity-conserving model from its maximum possible value will ensure that the PQ symmetry is not restored after inflation, allowing values of $f_{a}$ up to $6.4 \times 10^{13}$ GeV. Thus only the unitarity-conserving PQ inflation model allows $f_{a}$ to access values greater than the symmetry restoration cosmological upper bound $\sim 10^{12}$ GeV with naturally large values of the PQ scalar self-coupling.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_29780
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Conventional and Unitarity-Conserving Peccei-Quinn Inflation Models and ACT
McDonald, J.
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
We compare conventional non-minimally coupled Peccei-Quinn (PQ) inflation with a version of the model in which unitarity conservation is imposed by additional Jordan frame interactions. Assuming instantaneous reheating, the unitarity-conserving model is within 1$σ$ agreement with the central value of the scalar spectral index reported by the ACT collaboration, whereas conventional PQ inflation is more than 2$σ$ below the ACT central value. In the case where dark matter is composed of axions and PQ symmetry is not restored after inflation, the axion isocurvature constraint of the unitarity-conserving model typically allows a much larger axion decay constant $f_{a}$ than the conventional model, with the conventional model upper bound being comparable only if the PQ scalar self-coupling is extremely small, $λ\lesssim 10^{-10}$. For $λ= 0.1$, the axion isocurvature upper bounds are $f_{a} \lesssim 1.1 \times 10^{9} $ GeV for conventional PQ inflation and $f_{a} \lesssim 6.4 \times 10^{13}$ GeV for unitarity-conserving PQ inflation, with the latter bound being independent of $λ$. We also find a new isocurvature upper bound for conventional PQ inflation which is 650 times smaller than the existing bound. A modest reduction of the reheating temperature of the unitarity-conserving model from its maximum possible value will ensure that the PQ symmetry is not restored after inflation, allowing values of $f_{a}$ up to $6.4 \times 10^{13}$ GeV. Thus only the unitarity-conserving PQ inflation model allows $f_{a}$ to access values greater than the symmetry restoration cosmological upper bound $\sim 10^{12}$ GeV with naturally large values of the PQ scalar self-coupling.
title Conventional and Unitarity-Conserving Peccei-Quinn Inflation Models and ACT
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.29780