Salvato in:
| Autori principali: | , |
|---|---|
| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
|
| Soggetti: | |
| Accesso online: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00023 |
| Tags: |
Aggiungi Tag
Nessun Tag, puoi essere il primo ad aggiungerne!!
|
| _version_ | 1866911558535217152 |
|---|---|
| author | Amien, Mukhlis Gunawan, Go Frendi |
| author_facet | Amien, Mukhlis Gunawan, Go Frendi |
| contents | Basic vocabulary in many Sulawesi Austronesian languages includes forms resisting reconstruction to any proto-form with phonological patterns inconsistent with inherited roots, but whether this non-conforming vocabulary represents pre-Austronesian substrate or independent innovation has not been tested computationally. We combine rule-based cognate subtraction with a machine learning classifier trained on phonological features. Using 1,357 forms from six Sulawesi languages in the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database, we identify 438 candidate substrate forms (26.5%) through cognate subtraction and Proto-Austronesian cross-checking. An XGBoost classifier trained on 26 phonological features distinguishes inherited from non-mainstream forms with AUC=0.763, revealing a phonological fingerprint: longer forms, more consonant clusters, higher glottal stop rates, and fewer Austronesian prefixes. Cross-method consensus (Cohen's kappa=0.61) identifies 266 high-confidence non-mainstream candidates. However, clustering yields no coherent word families (silhouette=0.114; cross-linguistic cognate test p=0.569), providing no evidence for a single pre-Austronesian language layer. Application to 16 additional languages confirms geographic patterning: Sulawesi languages show higher predicted non-mainstream rates (mean P_sub=0.606) than Western Indonesian languages (0.393). This study demonstrates that phonological machine learning can complement traditional comparative methods in detecting non-mainstream lexical layers, while cautioning against interpreting phonological non-conformity as evidence for a shared substrate language. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_00023 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Phonological Fossils: Machine Learning Detection of Non-Mainstream Vocabulary in Sulawesi Basic Lexicon Amien, Mukhlis Gunawan, Go Frendi Computation and Language Basic vocabulary in many Sulawesi Austronesian languages includes forms resisting reconstruction to any proto-form with phonological patterns inconsistent with inherited roots, but whether this non-conforming vocabulary represents pre-Austronesian substrate or independent innovation has not been tested computationally. We combine rule-based cognate subtraction with a machine learning classifier trained on phonological features. Using 1,357 forms from six Sulawesi languages in the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database, we identify 438 candidate substrate forms (26.5%) through cognate subtraction and Proto-Austronesian cross-checking. An XGBoost classifier trained on 26 phonological features distinguishes inherited from non-mainstream forms with AUC=0.763, revealing a phonological fingerprint: longer forms, more consonant clusters, higher glottal stop rates, and fewer Austronesian prefixes. Cross-method consensus (Cohen's kappa=0.61) identifies 266 high-confidence non-mainstream candidates. However, clustering yields no coherent word families (silhouette=0.114; cross-linguistic cognate test p=0.569), providing no evidence for a single pre-Austronesian language layer. Application to 16 additional languages confirms geographic patterning: Sulawesi languages show higher predicted non-mainstream rates (mean P_sub=0.606) than Western Indonesian languages (0.393). This study demonstrates that phonological machine learning can complement traditional comparative methods in detecting non-mainstream lexical layers, while cautioning against interpreting phonological non-conformity as evidence for a shared substrate language. |
| title | Phonological Fossils: Machine Learning Detection of Non-Mainstream Vocabulary in Sulawesi Basic Lexicon |
| topic | Computation and Language |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00023 |