When Labels Are Scarce: A Systematic Mapping of Label-Efficient Code Vulnerability Detection

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Khalal, Noor, Fettal, Chakib, Labiod, Lazhar, Nadif, Mohamed
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Khalal, Noor
Fettal, Chakib
Labiod, Lazhar
Nadif, Mohamed
author_facet Khalal, Noor
Fettal, Chakib
Labiod, Lazhar
Nadif, Mohamed
contents Machine-learning-based code vulnerability detection (CVD) has progressed rapidly, from deep program representations to pretrained code models and LLM-centered pipelines. Yet dependable vulnerability labeling remains expensive, noisy, and uneven across projects, languages, and CWE types, motivating approaches that reduce reliance on human labeling. This survey maps these approaches, synthesizing five paradigm families and the mechanisms they use. It connects mechanisms to token, graph, hybrid, and knowledgebased representations, and consolidates evaluation and reporting axes that limit comparison (label-budget specification, compute/cost assumptions, leakage, and granularity mismatches). A Design Map and constraintfirst Decision Guide distill trade-offs and failure modes for practical method selection.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_00079
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle When Labels Are Scarce: A Systematic Mapping of Label-Efficient Code Vulnerability Detection
Khalal, Noor
Fettal, Chakib
Labiod, Lazhar
Nadif, Mohamed
Cryptography and Security
Software Engineering
Machine-learning-based code vulnerability detection (CVD) has progressed rapidly, from deep program representations to pretrained code models and LLM-centered pipelines. Yet dependable vulnerability labeling remains expensive, noisy, and uneven across projects, languages, and CWE types, motivating approaches that reduce reliance on human labeling. This survey maps these approaches, synthesizing five paradigm families and the mechanisms they use. It connects mechanisms to token, graph, hybrid, and knowledgebased representations, and consolidates evaluation and reporting axes that limit comparison (label-budget specification, compute/cost assumptions, leakage, and granularity mismatches). A Design Map and constraintfirst Decision Guide distill trade-offs and failure modes for practical method selection.
title When Labels Are Scarce: A Systematic Mapping of Label-Efficient Code Vulnerability Detection
topic Cryptography and Security
Software Engineering
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00079