Hierarchical Apprenticeship Learning from Imperfect Demonstrations with Evolving Rewards

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Islam, Md Mirajul, Debnath, Rajesh, Saha, Adittya Soukarjya, Chi, Min
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Islam, Md Mirajul
Debnath, Rajesh
Saha, Adittya Soukarjya
Chi, Min
author_facet Islam, Md Mirajul
Debnath, Rajesh
Saha, Adittya Soukarjya
Chi, Min
contents While apprenticeship learning has shown promise for inducing effective pedagogical policies directly from student interactions in e-learning environments, most existing approaches rely on optimal or near-optimal expert demonstrations under a fixed reward. Real-world student interactions, however, are often inherently imperfect and evolving: students explore, make errors, revise strategies, and refine their goals as understanding develops. In this work, we argue that imperfect student demonstrations are not noise to be discarded, but structured signals-provided their relative quality is ranked. We introduce HALIDE, Hierarchical Apprenticeship Learning from Imperfect Demonstrations with Evolving Rewards, which not only leverages sub-optimal student demonstrations, but ranks them within a hierarchical learning framework. HALIDE models student behavior at multiple levels of abstraction, enabling inference of higher-level intent and strategy from suboptimal actions while explicitly capturing the temporal evolution of student reward functions. By integrating demonstration quality into hierarchical reward inference,HALIDE distinguishes transient errors from suboptimal strategies and meaningful progress toward higher-level learning goals. Our results show that HALIDE more accurately predicts student pedagogical decisions than approaches that rely on optimal trajectories, fixed rewards, or unranked imperfect demonstrations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_00258
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Hierarchical Apprenticeship Learning from Imperfect Demonstrations with Evolving Rewards
Islam, Md Mirajul
Debnath, Rajesh
Saha, Adittya Soukarjya
Chi, Min
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
While apprenticeship learning has shown promise for inducing effective pedagogical policies directly from student interactions in e-learning environments, most existing approaches rely on optimal or near-optimal expert demonstrations under a fixed reward. Real-world student interactions, however, are often inherently imperfect and evolving: students explore, make errors, revise strategies, and refine their goals as understanding develops. In this work, we argue that imperfect student demonstrations are not noise to be discarded, but structured signals-provided their relative quality is ranked. We introduce HALIDE, Hierarchical Apprenticeship Learning from Imperfect Demonstrations with Evolving Rewards, which not only leverages sub-optimal student demonstrations, but ranks them within a hierarchical learning framework. HALIDE models student behavior at multiple levels of abstraction, enabling inference of higher-level intent and strategy from suboptimal actions while explicitly capturing the temporal evolution of student reward functions. By integrating demonstration quality into hierarchical reward inference,HALIDE distinguishes transient errors from suboptimal strategies and meaningful progress toward higher-level learning goals. Our results show that HALIDE more accurately predicts student pedagogical decisions than approaches that rely on optimal trajectories, fixed rewards, or unranked imperfect demonstrations.
title Hierarchical Apprenticeship Learning from Imperfect Demonstrations with Evolving Rewards
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00258