QCD in strong magnetic fields: fluctuations of conserved charges and equation of state
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866908928297664512 |
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| author | Ding, Heng-Tong Gu, Jin-Biao Kumar, Arpith Li, Sheng-Tai |
| author_facet | Ding, Heng-Tong Gu, Jin-Biao Kumar, Arpith Li, Sheng-Tai |
| contents | We present continuum-estimated (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD results for second-order fluctuations of conserved charges and the leading-order equation of state in the presence of strong magnetic fields at nonzero baryon chemical potential, using the HISQ action at the physical pion mass. The baryon-electric charge correlation $χ^{\rm BQ}_{11}$ exhibits striking sensitivity to the magnetic field: $R_{cp}$-like double ratios $χ^{\rm BQ}_{11}/χ^{\rm Q}_{2}$ and $χ^{\rm BQ}_{11}/χ^{\rm QS}_{11}$ reach enhancements of $\sim2$ and $\sim2.25$ at $eB \simeq 8M_π^2$ along the transition line, establishing $χ^{\rm BQ}_{11}$ as a magnetometer of QCD. To bridge theoretical predictions and experimental observations, we construct HRG-based proxy observables and apply systematic kinematic cuts emulating STAR and ALICE detector acceptances, which retain $\sim80\%$ of the lattice QCD magnetic sensitivity. Extending to the QCD equation of state under strangeness neutrality and isospin asymmetry, we determine the chemical potential ratio $q_1\equiv(μ_{\rm Q}/μ_{\rm B})_{\rm LO}$ and the pressure coefficient $P_2$ for magnetic field strengths up to $eB \simeq 0.8~{\rm GeV}^2 \sim 45 M_π^2$. The results reveal temperature-band crossings, hierarchy reversals, and non-monotonic structures driven by the nontrivial interplay between thermal and magnetic effects. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_00370 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | QCD in strong magnetic fields: fluctuations of conserved charges and equation of state Ding, Heng-Tong Gu, Jin-Biao Kumar, Arpith Li, Sheng-Tai High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Experiment Nuclear Theory We present continuum-estimated (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD results for second-order fluctuations of conserved charges and the leading-order equation of state in the presence of strong magnetic fields at nonzero baryon chemical potential, using the HISQ action at the physical pion mass. The baryon-electric charge correlation $χ^{\rm BQ}_{11}$ exhibits striking sensitivity to the magnetic field: $R_{cp}$-like double ratios $χ^{\rm BQ}_{11}/χ^{\rm Q}_{2}$ and $χ^{\rm BQ}_{11}/χ^{\rm QS}_{11}$ reach enhancements of $\sim2$ and $\sim2.25$ at $eB \simeq 8M_π^2$ along the transition line, establishing $χ^{\rm BQ}_{11}$ as a magnetometer of QCD. To bridge theoretical predictions and experimental observations, we construct HRG-based proxy observables and apply systematic kinematic cuts emulating STAR and ALICE detector acceptances, which retain $\sim80\%$ of the lattice QCD magnetic sensitivity. Extending to the QCD equation of state under strangeness neutrality and isospin asymmetry, we determine the chemical potential ratio $q_1\equiv(μ_{\rm Q}/μ_{\rm B})_{\rm LO}$ and the pressure coefficient $P_2$ for magnetic field strengths up to $eB \simeq 0.8~{\rm GeV}^2 \sim 45 M_π^2$. The results reveal temperature-band crossings, hierarchy reversals, and non-monotonic structures driven by the nontrivial interplay between thermal and magnetic effects. |
| title | QCD in strong magnetic fields: fluctuations of conserved charges and equation of state |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Experiment Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00370 |