Neuropsychiatric Deviations From Normative Profiles: An MRI-Derived Marker for Early Alzheimer's Disease Detection

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Osenbroch, Synne Hjertager, Rosvold, Lisa Ramona, Lu, Yao, Fernandez-Quilez, Alvaro
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Osenbroch, Synne Hjertager
Rosvold, Lisa Ramona
Lu, Yao
Fernandez-Quilez, Alvaro
author_facet Osenbroch, Synne Hjertager
Rosvold, Lisa Ramona
Lu, Yao
Fernandez-Quilez, Alvaro
contents Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as depression and apathy are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and often precede cognitive decline. NPS assessments hold promise as early detection markers due to their correlation with disease progression and their non-invasive nature. Yet current tools cannot distinguish whether NPS are part of aging or early signs of AD, limiting their utility. We present a deep learning-based normative modelling framework to identify atypical NPS burden from structural MRI. A 3D convolutional neural network was trained on cognitively stable participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, learning the mapping between brain anatomy and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPIQ) scores. Deviations between predicted and observed scores defined the Divergence from NPIQ scores (DNPI). Higher DNPI was associated with future AD conversion (adjusted OR=2.5; p < 0.01) and achieved predictive accuracy comparable to cerebrospinal fluid AB42 (AUC=0.74 vs 0.75). Our approach supports scalable, non-invasive strategies for early AD detection.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_00545
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Neuropsychiatric Deviations From Normative Profiles: An MRI-Derived Marker for Early Alzheimer's Disease Detection
Osenbroch, Synne Hjertager
Rosvold, Lisa Ramona
Lu, Yao
Fernandez-Quilez, Alvaro
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as depression and apathy are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and often precede cognitive decline. NPS assessments hold promise as early detection markers due to their correlation with disease progression and their non-invasive nature. Yet current tools cannot distinguish whether NPS are part of aging or early signs of AD, limiting their utility. We present a deep learning-based normative modelling framework to identify atypical NPS burden from structural MRI. A 3D convolutional neural network was trained on cognitively stable participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, learning the mapping between brain anatomy and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPIQ) scores. Deviations between predicted and observed scores defined the Divergence from NPIQ scores (DNPI). Higher DNPI was associated with future AD conversion (adjusted OR=2.5; p < 0.01) and achieved predictive accuracy comparable to cerebrospinal fluid AB42 (AUC=0.74 vs 0.75). Our approach supports scalable, non-invasive strategies for early AD detection.
title Neuropsychiatric Deviations From Normative Profiles: An MRI-Derived Marker for Early Alzheimer's Disease Detection
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00545