Emergent Macroscopic Nonreciprocity from Identical Active Particles via Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911559497809920 |
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| author | Guo, Wei-Chen Wang, Zuo Wu, Pei-Fang Lang, Li-Jun Ai, Bao-Quan He, Liang |
| author_facet | Guo, Wei-Chen Wang, Zuo Wu, Pei-Fang Lang, Li-Jun Ai, Bao-Quan He, Liang |
| contents | Nonreciprocity is known to generate a wide range of exotic phenomena in multi-species many-body systems, where different species influence one another through couplings that violate Newton's third law. In contrast, in the absence of explicitly imposed macroscopic nonreciprocal processes, single-species nonreciprocity -- another distinct form of nonreciprocity -- typically plays only a limited role in shaping macroscopic physics. Here, using a single-species Vicsek model with a vision cone and extrinsic noise, we show that spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) can dramatically enhance the macroscopic consequences of microscopic single-species nonreciprocity. In the ordered phase, this enhancement gives rise to an emergent macroscopic nonreciprocity that induces the system of identical active particles to admit an effective description with a "two-species" non-Hermitian structure. The resulting SSB-enhanced nonreciprocity substantially promotes traveling-band formation and, more strikingly, drives a novel real-space condensation of identical active particles, characterized by a "traveling line" with vanishing longitudinal width. Our findings uncover a fundamental mechanism by which microscopic single-species nonreciprocity can exert strong macroscopic influences in complex systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_00552 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Emergent Macroscopic Nonreciprocity from Identical Active Particles via Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Guo, Wei-Chen Wang, Zuo Wu, Pei-Fang Lang, Li-Jun Ai, Bao-Quan He, Liang Statistical Mechanics Soft Condensed Matter Nonreciprocity is known to generate a wide range of exotic phenomena in multi-species many-body systems, where different species influence one another through couplings that violate Newton's third law. In contrast, in the absence of explicitly imposed macroscopic nonreciprocal processes, single-species nonreciprocity -- another distinct form of nonreciprocity -- typically plays only a limited role in shaping macroscopic physics. Here, using a single-species Vicsek model with a vision cone and extrinsic noise, we show that spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) can dramatically enhance the macroscopic consequences of microscopic single-species nonreciprocity. In the ordered phase, this enhancement gives rise to an emergent macroscopic nonreciprocity that induces the system of identical active particles to admit an effective description with a "two-species" non-Hermitian structure. The resulting SSB-enhanced nonreciprocity substantially promotes traveling-band formation and, more strikingly, drives a novel real-space condensation of identical active particles, characterized by a "traveling line" with vanishing longitudinal width. Our findings uncover a fundamental mechanism by which microscopic single-species nonreciprocity can exert strong macroscopic influences in complex systems. |
| title | Emergent Macroscopic Nonreciprocity from Identical Active Particles via Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking |
| topic | Statistical Mechanics Soft Condensed Matter |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00552 |