3D User Localization for Planar Arrays in LoS Near- and Far-Fields via Summed Phase Differences
Fuente:
arXiv
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1866917377178861568 |
|---|---|
| author | Isaev, Sergey Zlatanov, Nikola |
| author_facet | Isaev, Sergey Zlatanov, Nikola |
| contents | This paper presents a phase-difference-based scheme for three-dimensional (3D) line-of-sight (LoS) user localization using a uniform planar array (UPA), applicable to both near-field and far-field regimes under the exact spherical-wave model. Unlike the previously studied two-dimensional (2D) uniform linear array (ULA) case, the 3D UPA case requires jointly exploiting the two array axes in order to recover the user's range, azimuth, and zenith angle. Adjacent-antenna phase-differences are first estimated from uplink pilots and then summed along the array axes to obtain unwrapped phase-differences between widely separated antenna elements. These summed phase-differences enable the construction of multiple three-equation systems whose solutions yield the user's range, azimuth, and zenith angle. We quantify the number of such equation systems, provide a representative closed-form estimator that uses only three phase-difference sums, and propose an all-data nonlinear least-squares estimator that exploits all available sums. Numerical results show that the least-squares estimator, when initialized by the closed-form estimate, achieves Cramér--Rao bound accuracy. Moreover, unlike state-of-the-art baseline schemes, whose performance depends on well-tuned hyperparameters, the proposed estimators are hyperparameter-free. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_00727 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | 3D User Localization for Planar Arrays in LoS Near- and Far-Fields via Summed Phase Differences Isaev, Sergey Zlatanov, Nikola Signal Processing Information Theory This paper presents a phase-difference-based scheme for three-dimensional (3D) line-of-sight (LoS) user localization using a uniform planar array (UPA), applicable to both near-field and far-field regimes under the exact spherical-wave model. Unlike the previously studied two-dimensional (2D) uniform linear array (ULA) case, the 3D UPA case requires jointly exploiting the two array axes in order to recover the user's range, azimuth, and zenith angle. Adjacent-antenna phase-differences are first estimated from uplink pilots and then summed along the array axes to obtain unwrapped phase-differences between widely separated antenna elements. These summed phase-differences enable the construction of multiple three-equation systems whose solutions yield the user's range, azimuth, and zenith angle. We quantify the number of such equation systems, provide a representative closed-form estimator that uses only three phase-difference sums, and propose an all-data nonlinear least-squares estimator that exploits all available sums. Numerical results show that the least-squares estimator, when initialized by the closed-form estimate, achieves Cramér--Rao bound accuracy. Moreover, unlike state-of-the-art baseline schemes, whose performance depends on well-tuned hyperparameters, the proposed estimators are hyperparameter-free. |
| title | 3D User Localization for Planar Arrays in LoS Near- and Far-Fields via Summed Phase Differences |
| topic | Signal Processing Information Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00727 |