Optimal Anchor Placement for Wireless Localization in Mixed LOS and NLOS Scenarios
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866918423650369536 |
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| author | Duggal, Gaurav Buehrer, R. Michael Dhillon, Harpreet S. Reed, Jeffrey H. |
| author_facet | Duggal, Gaurav Buehrer, R. Michael Dhillon, Harpreet S. Reed, Jeffrey H. |
| contents | We develop a unified Fisher-information framework for localization in environments with both Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) paths, focusing on diffraction-dominated NLOS propagation characteristic of Outdoor-to-Indoor (O2I) signal propagation. The model couples anchor geometry with a physically grounded path-loss law that is continuous across the LOS/NLOS boundary and serves as an optimization objective for our optimal anchor placement problem. As the first step, we analyze single-target anchor placement and derive the classical A-, D-, and E-optimality criteria. Under a specific path-loss assumption, these criteria collapse to a polygon-closure condition in the complex plane: A-, D-, and E-optimal designs coincide, yielding necessary and sufficient conditions for optimal placement. Next, we extend the notion of optimal anchor placement with respect to a single target to optimality over a feasible region (multi-target setting) using a general formulation that explicitly includes a realistic path loss model. This is achieved by recasting the anchor placement as a combinatorial anchor-selection problem with provable guarantees. Next, we specify E- and D-optimal objectives over multiple targets in a predefined feasible target region and show that E-optimality straddles A-optimality (within a constant factor), while D-optimality provides looser bounds. These insights yield two practical algorithms, both mixed-integer second-order cone programs (MISOCP) with exact E-optimal and exact D-optimal objectives that produce robust, region-wide designs under mixed LOS/NLOS conditions. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_00863 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Optimal Anchor Placement for Wireless Localization in Mixed LOS and NLOS Scenarios Duggal, Gaurav Buehrer, R. Michael Dhillon, Harpreet S. Reed, Jeffrey H. Signal Processing We develop a unified Fisher-information framework for localization in environments with both Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) paths, focusing on diffraction-dominated NLOS propagation characteristic of Outdoor-to-Indoor (O2I) signal propagation. The model couples anchor geometry with a physically grounded path-loss law that is continuous across the LOS/NLOS boundary and serves as an optimization objective for our optimal anchor placement problem. As the first step, we analyze single-target anchor placement and derive the classical A-, D-, and E-optimality criteria. Under a specific path-loss assumption, these criteria collapse to a polygon-closure condition in the complex plane: A-, D-, and E-optimal designs coincide, yielding necessary and sufficient conditions for optimal placement. Next, we extend the notion of optimal anchor placement with respect to a single target to optimality over a feasible region (multi-target setting) using a general formulation that explicitly includes a realistic path loss model. This is achieved by recasting the anchor placement as a combinatorial anchor-selection problem with provable guarantees. Next, we specify E- and D-optimal objectives over multiple targets in a predefined feasible target region and show that E-optimality straddles A-optimality (within a constant factor), while D-optimality provides looser bounds. These insights yield two practical algorithms, both mixed-integer second-order cone programs (MISOCP) with exact E-optimal and exact D-optimal objectives that produce robust, region-wide designs under mixed LOS/NLOS conditions. |
| title | Optimal Anchor Placement for Wireless Localization in Mixed LOS and NLOS Scenarios |
| topic | Signal Processing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00863 |