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Main Authors:	Haenel, Rafael, Luo, Xiuzhe, Zhao, Chen
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2026
Subjects:	Quantum Physics
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.01059
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author	Haenel, Rafael Luo, Xiuzhe Zhao, Chen
author_facet	Haenel, Rafael Luo, Xiuzhe Zhao, Chen
contents	We present Tsim, an open-source high-throughput simulator for universal noisy quantum circuits targeting quantum error correction. Tsim represents quantum circuits as ZX diagrams, where Pauli channels are modeled as parameterized vertices. Diagrams are simplified via parameterized ZX rules, and then compiled for vectorized sampling with GPU acceleration. After the one-time compilation, one can sample detector or measurement shots in linear time in the number of Clifford gates and exponentially only in the number of non-Clifford gates. Tsim implements the Stim API and fully supports the Stim circuit format, extending it with T and arbitrary single-qubit rotation instructions. For low-magic circuits, Tsim throughput can match the sampling performance of Stim.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_01059
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2026
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Tsim: Fast Universal Simulator for Quantum Error Correction Haenel, Rafael Luo, Xiuzhe Zhao, Chen Quantum Physics We present Tsim, an open-source high-throughput simulator for universal noisy quantum circuits targeting quantum error correction. Tsim represents quantum circuits as ZX diagrams, where Pauli channels are modeled as parameterized vertices. Diagrams are simplified via parameterized ZX rules, and then compiled for vectorized sampling with GPU acceleration. After the one-time compilation, one can sample detector or measurement shots in linear time in the number of Clifford gates and exponentially only in the number of non-Clifford gates. Tsim implements the Stim API and fully supports the Stim circuit format, extending it with T and arbitrary single-qubit rotation instructions. For low-magic circuits, Tsim throughput can match the sampling performance of Stim.
title	Tsim: Fast Universal Simulator for Quantum Error Correction
topic	Quantum Physics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.01059

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