Affine Normal Directions via Log-Determinant Geometry: Scalable Computation under Sparse Polynomial Structure

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Main Authors: Niu, Yi-Shuai, Sheshmani, Artan, Yau, Shing-Tung
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Niu, Yi-Shuai
Sheshmani, Artan
Yau, Shing-Tung
author_facet Niu, Yi-Shuai
Sheshmani, Artan
Yau, Shing-Tung
contents Affine normal directions provide intrinsic affine-invariant descent directions derived from the geometry of level sets. Their practical use, however, has long been hindered by the need to evaluate third-order derivatives and invert tangent Hessians, which becomes computationally prohibitive in high dimensions. In this paper, we show that affine normal computation admits an exact reduction to second-order structure: the classical third-order contraction term is precisely the gradient of the log-determinant of the tangent Hessian. This identity replaces explicit third-order tensor contraction by a matrix-free formulation based on tangent linear solves, Hessian-vector products, and log-determinant gradient evaluation. Building on this reduction, we develop exact and stochastic matrix-free procedures for affine normal evaluation. For sparse polynomial objectives, the algebraic closure of derivatives further yields efficient sparse kernels for gradients, Hessian-vector products, and directional third-order contractions, leading to scalable implementations whose cost is governed by the sparsity structure of the polynomial representation. We establish end-to-end complexity bounds showing near-linear scaling with respect to the relevant sparsity scale under fixed stochastic and Krylov budgets. Numerical experiments confirm that the proposed MF-LogDet formulation reproduces the original autodifferentiation-based affine normal direction to near machine precision, delivers substantial runtime improvements in moderate and high dimensions, and exhibits empirical near-linear scaling in both dimension and sparsity. These results provide a practical computational route for affine normal evaluation and reveal a new connection between affine differential geometry, log-determinant curvature, and large-scale structured optimization.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_01163
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Affine Normal Directions via Log-Determinant Geometry: Scalable Computation under Sparse Polynomial Structure
Niu, Yi-Shuai
Sheshmani, Artan
Yau, Shing-Tung
Optimization and Control
Numerical Analysis
Algebraic Geometry
Differential Geometry
90C30, 90C26, 65F30, 65Y20, 53A15
Affine normal directions provide intrinsic affine-invariant descent directions derived from the geometry of level sets. Their practical use, however, has long been hindered by the need to evaluate third-order derivatives and invert tangent Hessians, which becomes computationally prohibitive in high dimensions. In this paper, we show that affine normal computation admits an exact reduction to second-order structure: the classical third-order contraction term is precisely the gradient of the log-determinant of the tangent Hessian. This identity replaces explicit third-order tensor contraction by a matrix-free formulation based on tangent linear solves, Hessian-vector products, and log-determinant gradient evaluation. Building on this reduction, we develop exact and stochastic matrix-free procedures for affine normal evaluation. For sparse polynomial objectives, the algebraic closure of derivatives further yields efficient sparse kernels for gradients, Hessian-vector products, and directional third-order contractions, leading to scalable implementations whose cost is governed by the sparsity structure of the polynomial representation. We establish end-to-end complexity bounds showing near-linear scaling with respect to the relevant sparsity scale under fixed stochastic and Krylov budgets. Numerical experiments confirm that the proposed MF-LogDet formulation reproduces the original autodifferentiation-based affine normal direction to near machine precision, delivers substantial runtime improvements in moderate and high dimensions, and exhibits empirical near-linear scaling in both dimension and sparsity. These results provide a practical computational route for affine normal evaluation and reveal a new connection between affine differential geometry, log-determinant curvature, and large-scale structured optimization.
title Affine Normal Directions via Log-Determinant Geometry: Scalable Computation under Sparse Polynomial Structure
topic Optimization and Control
Numerical Analysis
Algebraic Geometry
Differential Geometry
90C30, 90C26, 65F30, 65Y20, 53A15
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.01163