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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.01328 |
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| _version_ | 1866914453493121024 |
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| author | Yu, Zhongwei Tutunov, Rasul Maraval, Alexandre Max Xie, Zikai Tan, Zhenzhi Wang, Jiankang Cao, Bin Li, Zijing Xu, Liangliang Yang, Qi Jiang, Jun Luo, Sanzhong Guo, Zhenxiao Zhang, Tongyi Bou-Ammar, Haitham Wang, Jun |
| author_facet | Yu, Zhongwei Tutunov, Rasul Maraval, Alexandre Max Xie, Zikai Tan, Zhenzhi Wang, Jiankang Cao, Bin Li, Zijing Xu, Liangliang Yang, Qi Jiang, Jun Luo, Sanzhong Guo, Zhenxiao Zhang, Tongyi Bou-Ammar, Haitham Wang, Jun |
| contents | Traditional scientific discovery relies on an iterative hypothesise-experiment-refine cycle that has driven progress for centuries, but its intuitive, ad-hoc implementation often wastes resources, yields inefficient designs, and misses critical insights. This tutorial presents Bayesian Optimisation (BO), a principled probability-driven framework that formalises and automates this core scientific cycle. BO uses surrogate models (e.g., Gaussian processes) to model empirical observations as evolving hypotheses, and acquisition functions to guide experiment selection, balancing exploitation of known knowledge and exploration of uncharted domains to eliminate guesswork and manual trial-and-error. We first frame scientific discovery as an optimisation problem, then unpack BO's core components, end-to-end workflows, and real-world efficacy via case studies in catalysis, materials science, organic synthesis, and molecule discovery. We also cover critical technical extensions for scientific applications, including batched experimentation, heteroscedasticity, contextual optimisation, and human-in-the-loop integration. Tailored for a broad audience, this tutorial bridges AI advances in BO with practical natural science applications, offering tiered content to empower cross-disciplinary researchers to design more efficient experiments and accelerate principled scientific discovery. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_01328 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Efficient and Principled Scientific Discovery through Bayesian Optimization: A Tutorial Yu, Zhongwei Tutunov, Rasul Maraval, Alexandre Max Xie, Zikai Tan, Zhenzhi Wang, Jiankang Cao, Bin Li, Zijing Xu, Liangliang Yang, Qi Jiang, Jun Luo, Sanzhong Guo, Zhenxiao Zhang, Tongyi Bou-Ammar, Haitham Wang, Jun Machine Learning Traditional scientific discovery relies on an iterative hypothesise-experiment-refine cycle that has driven progress for centuries, but its intuitive, ad-hoc implementation often wastes resources, yields inefficient designs, and misses critical insights. This tutorial presents Bayesian Optimisation (BO), a principled probability-driven framework that formalises and automates this core scientific cycle. BO uses surrogate models (e.g., Gaussian processes) to model empirical observations as evolving hypotheses, and acquisition functions to guide experiment selection, balancing exploitation of known knowledge and exploration of uncharted domains to eliminate guesswork and manual trial-and-error. We first frame scientific discovery as an optimisation problem, then unpack BO's core components, end-to-end workflows, and real-world efficacy via case studies in catalysis, materials science, organic synthesis, and molecule discovery. We also cover critical technical extensions for scientific applications, including batched experimentation, heteroscedasticity, contextual optimisation, and human-in-the-loop integration. Tailored for a broad audience, this tutorial bridges AI advances in BO with practical natural science applications, offering tiered content to empower cross-disciplinary researchers to design more efficient experiments and accelerate principled scientific discovery. |
| title | Efficient and Principled Scientific Discovery through Bayesian Optimization: A Tutorial |
| topic | Machine Learning |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.01328 |