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Main Authors: Kasaei, Seyed Amir, Marioriyad, Arash, Khaleti, Mahbod, Fazli, MohammadAmin, Baghshah, Mahdieh Soleymani, Rohban, Mohammad Hossein
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.01764
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author Kasaei, Seyed Amir
Marioriyad, Arash
Khaleti, Mahbod
Fazli, MohammadAmin
Baghshah, Mahdieh Soleymani
Rohban, Mohammad Hossein
author_facet Kasaei, Seyed Amir
Marioriyad, Arash
Khaleti, Mahbod
Fazli, MohammadAmin
Baghshah, Mahdieh Soleymani
Rohban, Mohammad Hossein
contents Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable proficiency in explicit visual recognition, effectively describing what is directly visible in an image. However, a critical cognitive gap emerges when the visual input serves only as a clue rather than the answer. We identify that current models struggle with the complex, multi-step reasoning required to solve problems where information is not explicitly depicted. Successfully solving a rebus puzzle requires a distinct cognitive workflow: the model must extract visual and textual attributes, retrieve linguistic prior knowledge (such as idioms), and perform abstract mapping to synthesize these elements into a meaning that exists outside the pixel space. To evaluate this neurosymbolic capability, we introduce RebusBench, a benchmark of 1,164 puzzles designed to test this specific integration of perception and knowledge. Our evaluation of state-of-the-art models (including Qwen, InternVL, and LLaVA) shows a severe deficiency: performance saturates below 10% Exact Match and 20% semantic accuracy, with no significant improvement observed from model scaling or In-Context Learning (ICL). These findings suggest that while models possess the necessary visual and linguistic components, they lack the cognitive reasoning glue to connect them. Project page available at https://amirkasaei.com/rebusbench/.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_01764
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Hidden Meanings in Plain Sight: RebusBench for Evaluating Cognitive Visual Reasoning
Kasaei, Seyed Amir
Marioriyad, Arash
Khaleti, Mahbod
Fazli, MohammadAmin
Baghshah, Mahdieh Soleymani
Rohban, Mohammad Hossein
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable proficiency in explicit visual recognition, effectively describing what is directly visible in an image. However, a critical cognitive gap emerges when the visual input serves only as a clue rather than the answer. We identify that current models struggle with the complex, multi-step reasoning required to solve problems where information is not explicitly depicted. Successfully solving a rebus puzzle requires a distinct cognitive workflow: the model must extract visual and textual attributes, retrieve linguistic prior knowledge (such as idioms), and perform abstract mapping to synthesize these elements into a meaning that exists outside the pixel space. To evaluate this neurosymbolic capability, we introduce RebusBench, a benchmark of 1,164 puzzles designed to test this specific integration of perception and knowledge. Our evaluation of state-of-the-art models (including Qwen, InternVL, and LLaVA) shows a severe deficiency: performance saturates below 10% Exact Match and 20% semantic accuracy, with no significant improvement observed from model scaling or In-Context Learning (ICL). These findings suggest that while models possess the necessary visual and linguistic components, they lack the cognitive reasoning glue to connect them. Project page available at https://amirkasaei.com/rebusbench/.
title Hidden Meanings in Plain Sight: RebusBench for Evaluating Cognitive Visual Reasoning
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.01764