Multi-Mode Pinching-Antenna Systems: Polarization-Aware Full-Wave Modeling and Optimization
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866910097126457344 |
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| author | Wei, Dengke Zhang, Runxin Shao, Yulin Hou, Fen Ma, Shaodan |
| author_facet | Wei, Dengke Zhang, Runxin Shao, Yulin Hou, Fen Ma, Shaodan |
| contents | Millimeter-wave and terahertz communications face a fundamental challenge: overcoming severe path loss without sacrificing spectral efficiency. Pinching antenna systems (PASS) address this by bringing radiators physically close to users, yet existing frameworks treat the waveguide as a mere transmission line, overlooking its inherent multi-mode capabilities and the critical role of polarization. This paper develops the first polarization-aware, full-wave electromagnetic model for multi-mode PASS (MMPASS), capturing spatial radiation patterns, modal polarization states, and polarization matching efficiency from first principles. Leveraging this physically grounded model, we reveal fundamental trade-offs among waveguide attenuation, atmospheric absorption, and geometric spreading, yielding closed-form solutions for optimal PA placement and orientation in single-user scenarios. Extending to multi-user settings, we propose a modular optimization framework that integrates fractional programming with closed-form polarization updates, scaling gracefully to arbitrary numbers of waveguides, PAs, and users. Numerical results show that MMPASS achieves up to a 167% increase in spectral efficiency compared with single-mode PASS. Moreover, when comparing MMPASS with its polarization-ignorant counterpart, polarization awareness alone improves the sum rate by up to 23%. By bridging rigorous electromagnetic theory with scalable optimization, MMPASS establishes a physically complete and practically viable foundation for future high-frequency wireless networks. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_01778 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Multi-Mode Pinching-Antenna Systems: Polarization-Aware Full-Wave Modeling and Optimization Wei, Dengke Zhang, Runxin Shao, Yulin Hou, Fen Ma, Shaodan Information Theory Signal Processing Millimeter-wave and terahertz communications face a fundamental challenge: overcoming severe path loss without sacrificing spectral efficiency. Pinching antenna systems (PASS) address this by bringing radiators physically close to users, yet existing frameworks treat the waveguide as a mere transmission line, overlooking its inherent multi-mode capabilities and the critical role of polarization. This paper develops the first polarization-aware, full-wave electromagnetic model for multi-mode PASS (MMPASS), capturing spatial radiation patterns, modal polarization states, and polarization matching efficiency from first principles. Leveraging this physically grounded model, we reveal fundamental trade-offs among waveguide attenuation, atmospheric absorption, and geometric spreading, yielding closed-form solutions for optimal PA placement and orientation in single-user scenarios. Extending to multi-user settings, we propose a modular optimization framework that integrates fractional programming with closed-form polarization updates, scaling gracefully to arbitrary numbers of waveguides, PAs, and users. Numerical results show that MMPASS achieves up to a 167% increase in spectral efficiency compared with single-mode PASS. Moreover, when comparing MMPASS with its polarization-ignorant counterpart, polarization awareness alone improves the sum rate by up to 23%. By bridging rigorous electromagnetic theory with scalable optimization, MMPASS establishes a physically complete and practically viable foundation for future high-frequency wireless networks. |
| title | Multi-Mode Pinching-Antenna Systems: Polarization-Aware Full-Wave Modeling and Optimization |
| topic | Information Theory Signal Processing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.01778 |