Multi-Agent Video Recommenders: Evolution, Patterns, and Open Challenges

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Main Authors: Ranganathan, Srivaths, Dharmaratnakar, Abhishek, Sinha, Anushree, Das, Debanshu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Ranganathan, Srivaths
Dharmaratnakar, Abhishek
Sinha, Anushree
Das, Debanshu
author_facet Ranganathan, Srivaths
Dharmaratnakar, Abhishek
Sinha, Anushree
Das, Debanshu
contents Video recommender systems are among the most popular and impactful applications of AI, shaping content consumption and influencing culture for billions of users. Traditional single-model recommenders, which optimize static engagement metrics, are increasingly limited in addressing the dynamic requirements of modern platforms. In response, multi-agent architectures are redefining how video recommender systems serve, learn, and adapt to both users and datasets. These agent-based systems coordinate specialized agents responsible for video understanding, reasoning, memory, and feedback, to provide precise, explainable recommendations. In this survey, we trace the evolution of multi-agent video recommendation systems (MAVRS). We combine ideas from multi-agent recommender systems, foundation models, and conversational AI, culminating in the emerging field of large language model (LLM)-powered MAVRS. We present a taxonomy of collaborative patterns and analyze coordination mechanisms across diverse video domains, ranging from short-form clips to educational platforms. We discuss representative frameworks, including early multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) systems such as MMRF and recent LLM-driven architectures like MACRec and Agent4Rec, to illustrate these patterns. We also outline open challenges in scalability, multimodal understanding, incentive alignment, and identify research directions such as hybrid reinforcement learning-LLM systems, lifelong personalization and self-improving recommender systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_02211
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Multi-Agent Video Recommenders: Evolution, Patterns, and Open Challenges
Ranganathan, Srivaths
Dharmaratnakar, Abhishek
Sinha, Anushree
Das, Debanshu
Information Retrieval
Artificial Intelligence
Multiagent Systems
Video recommender systems are among the most popular and impactful applications of AI, shaping content consumption and influencing culture for billions of users. Traditional single-model recommenders, which optimize static engagement metrics, are increasingly limited in addressing the dynamic requirements of modern platforms. In response, multi-agent architectures are redefining how video recommender systems serve, learn, and adapt to both users and datasets. These agent-based systems coordinate specialized agents responsible for video understanding, reasoning, memory, and feedback, to provide precise, explainable recommendations. In this survey, we trace the evolution of multi-agent video recommendation systems (MAVRS). We combine ideas from multi-agent recommender systems, foundation models, and conversational AI, culminating in the emerging field of large language model (LLM)-powered MAVRS. We present a taxonomy of collaborative patterns and analyze coordination mechanisms across diverse video domains, ranging from short-form clips to educational platforms. We discuss representative frameworks, including early multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) systems such as MMRF and recent LLM-driven architectures like MACRec and Agent4Rec, to illustrate these patterns. We also outline open challenges in scalability, multimodal understanding, incentive alignment, and identify research directions such as hybrid reinforcement learning-LLM systems, lifelong personalization and self-improving recommender systems.
title Multi-Agent Video Recommenders: Evolution, Patterns, and Open Challenges
topic Information Retrieval
Artificial Intelligence
Multiagent Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.02211