An Explainable Vision-Language Model Framework with Adaptive PID-Tversky Loss for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Diagnosis
Fuente:
arXiv
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1866910099072614400 |
|---|---|
| author | Sk., Md. Sajeebul Islam Shawon, Md. Mehedi Hasan Alam, Md. Golam Rabiul |
| author_facet | Sk., Md. Sajeebul Islam Shawon, Md. Mehedi Hasan Alam, Md. Golam Rabiul |
| contents | Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) diagnosis remains a critical clinical challenge, with diagnosis heavily dependent on labor-intensive manual interpretation of multi-view Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), leading to substantial inter-observer variability and diagnostic delays. Existing vision-language models simultaneously fail to address the extreme class imbalance prevalent in clinical segmentation datasets while preserving spatial accuracy, primarily due to global pooling mechanisms that discard crucial anatomical hierarchies. We present an end-to-end Explainable Vision-Language Model framework designed to overcome these limitations, achieved through two principal objectives. We propose a Spatial Patch Cross-Attention module that enables precise, text-directed localization of spinal anomalies with spatial precision. A novel Adaptive PID-Tversky Loss function by integrating control theory principles dynamically further modifies training penalties to specifically address difficult, under-segmented minority instances. By incorporating foundational VLMs alongside an Automated Radiology Report Generation module, our framework demonstrates considerable performance: a diagnostic classification accuracy of 90.69%, a macro-averaged Dice score of 0.9512 for segmentation, and a CIDEr score of 92.80%. Furthermore, the framework shows explainability by converting complex segmentation predictions into radiologist-style clinical reports, thereby establishing a new benchmark for transparent, interpretable AI in clinical medical imaging that keeps essential human supervision while enhancing diagnostic capabilities. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_02502 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | An Explainable Vision-Language Model Framework with Adaptive PID-Tversky Loss for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Diagnosis Sk., Md. Sajeebul Islam Shawon, Md. Mehedi Hasan Alam, Md. Golam Rabiul Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Artificial Intelligence Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) diagnosis remains a critical clinical challenge, with diagnosis heavily dependent on labor-intensive manual interpretation of multi-view Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), leading to substantial inter-observer variability and diagnostic delays. Existing vision-language models simultaneously fail to address the extreme class imbalance prevalent in clinical segmentation datasets while preserving spatial accuracy, primarily due to global pooling mechanisms that discard crucial anatomical hierarchies. We present an end-to-end Explainable Vision-Language Model framework designed to overcome these limitations, achieved through two principal objectives. We propose a Spatial Patch Cross-Attention module that enables precise, text-directed localization of spinal anomalies with spatial precision. A novel Adaptive PID-Tversky Loss function by integrating control theory principles dynamically further modifies training penalties to specifically address difficult, under-segmented minority instances. By incorporating foundational VLMs alongside an Automated Radiology Report Generation module, our framework demonstrates considerable performance: a diagnostic classification accuracy of 90.69%, a macro-averaged Dice score of 0.9512 for segmentation, and a CIDEr score of 92.80%. Furthermore, the framework shows explainability by converting complex segmentation predictions into radiologist-style clinical reports, thereby establishing a new benchmark for transparent, interpretable AI in clinical medical imaging that keeps essential human supervision while enhancing diagnostic capabilities. |
| title | An Explainable Vision-Language Model Framework with Adaptive PID-Tversky Loss for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Diagnosis |
| topic | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Artificial Intelligence |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.02502 |