How Annotation Trains Annotators: Competence Development in Social Influence Recognition

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Markiewicz, Maciej, Bajcar, Beata, Mieleszczenko-Kowszewicz, Wiktoria, Szczęsny, Aleksander, Adamczyk, Tomasz, Chodak, Grzegorz, Ostrowska, Karolina, Sawczuk, Aleksandra, Babiak, Jolanta, Szklarczyk, Jagoda, Kazienko, Przemysław
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Markiewicz, Maciej
Bajcar, Beata
Mieleszczenko-Kowszewicz, Wiktoria
Szczęsny, Aleksander
Adamczyk, Tomasz
Chodak, Grzegorz
Ostrowska, Karolina
Sawczuk, Aleksandra
Babiak, Jolanta
Szklarczyk, Jagoda
Kazienko, Przemysław
author_facet Markiewicz, Maciej
Bajcar, Beata
Mieleszczenko-Kowszewicz, Wiktoria
Szczęsny, Aleksander
Adamczyk, Tomasz
Chodak, Grzegorz
Ostrowska, Karolina
Sawczuk, Aleksandra
Babiak, Jolanta
Szklarczyk, Jagoda
Kazienko, Przemysław
contents Human data annotation, especially when involving experts, is often treated as an objective reference. However, many annotation tasks are inherently subjective, and annotators' judgments may evolve over time. This study investigates changes in the quality of annotators' work from a competence perspective during a process of social influence recognition. The study involved 25 annotators from five different groups, including both experts and non-experts, who annotated a dataset of 1,021 dialogues with 20 social influence techniques, along with intentions, reactions, and consequences. An initial subset of 150 texts was annotated twice - before and after the main annotation process - to enable comparison. To measure competence shifts, we combined qualitative and quantitative analyses of the annotated data, semi-structured interviews with annotators, self-assessment surveys, and Large Language Model training and evaluation on the comparison dataset. The results indicate a significant increase in annotators' self-perceived competence and confidence. Moreover, observed changes in data quality suggest that the annotation process may enhance annotator competence and that this effect is more pronounced in expert groups. The observed shifts in annotator competence have a visible impact on the performance of LLMs trained on their annotated data.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_02951
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle How Annotation Trains Annotators: Competence Development in Social Influence Recognition
Markiewicz, Maciej
Bajcar, Beata
Mieleszczenko-Kowszewicz, Wiktoria
Szczęsny, Aleksander
Adamczyk, Tomasz
Chodak, Grzegorz
Ostrowska, Karolina
Sawczuk, Aleksandra
Babiak, Jolanta
Szklarczyk, Jagoda
Kazienko, Przemysław
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Human data annotation, especially when involving experts, is often treated as an objective reference. However, many annotation tasks are inherently subjective, and annotators' judgments may evolve over time. This study investigates changes in the quality of annotators' work from a competence perspective during a process of social influence recognition. The study involved 25 annotators from five different groups, including both experts and non-experts, who annotated a dataset of 1,021 dialogues with 20 social influence techniques, along with intentions, reactions, and consequences. An initial subset of 150 texts was annotated twice - before and after the main annotation process - to enable comparison. To measure competence shifts, we combined qualitative and quantitative analyses of the annotated data, semi-structured interviews with annotators, self-assessment surveys, and Large Language Model training and evaluation on the comparison dataset. The results indicate a significant increase in annotators' self-perceived competence and confidence. Moreover, observed changes in data quality suggest that the annotation process may enhance annotator competence and that this effect is more pronounced in expert groups. The observed shifts in annotator competence have a visible impact on the performance of LLMs trained on their annotated data.
title How Annotation Trains Annotators: Competence Development in Social Influence Recognition
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.02951