Understanding the Role of Hallucination in Reinforcement Post-Training of Multimodal Reasoning Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Zhang, Gengwei, Peng, Jie, Tan, Zhen, Qiu, Mufan, Mahjoub, Hossein Nourkhiz, Tadiparthi, Vaishnav, Lee, Kwonjoon, Zhang, Yanyong, Chen, Tianlong
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Zhang, Gengwei
Peng, Jie
Tan, Zhen
Qiu, Mufan
Mahjoub, Hossein Nourkhiz
Tadiparthi, Vaishnav
Lee, Kwonjoon
Zhang, Yanyong
Chen, Tianlong
author_facet Zhang, Gengwei
Peng, Jie
Tan, Zhen
Qiu, Mufan
Mahjoub, Hossein Nourkhiz
Tadiparthi, Vaishnav
Lee, Kwonjoon
Zhang, Yanyong
Chen, Tianlong
contents The recent success of reinforcement learning (RL) in large reasoning models has inspired the growing adoption of RL for post-training Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to enhance their visual reasoning capabilities. Although many studies have reported improved performance, it remains unclear whether RL training truly enables models to learn from visual information. In this work, we propose the Hallucination-as-Cue Framework, an analytical framework designed to investigate the effects of RL-based post-training on multimodal reasoning models from the perspective of model hallucination. Specifically, we introduce hallucination-inductive, modality-specific corruptions that remove or replace essential information required to derive correct answers, thereby forcing the model to reason by hallucination. By applying these corruptions during both training and evaluation, our framework provides a unique perspective for diagnosing RL training dynamics and understanding the intrinsic properties of datasets. Through extensive experiments and analyses across multiple multimodal reasoning benchmarks, we reveal that the role of model hallucination for RL-training is more significant than previously recognized. For instance, we find that RL post-training under purely hallucination-inductive settings can still significantly improve models' reasoning performance, and in some cases even outperform standard training. These findings challenge prevailing assumptions about MLLM reasoning training and motivate the development of more modality-aware RL-based training designs.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_03179
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Understanding the Role of Hallucination in Reinforcement Post-Training of Multimodal Reasoning Models
Zhang, Gengwei
Peng, Jie
Tan, Zhen
Qiu, Mufan
Mahjoub, Hossein Nourkhiz
Tadiparthi, Vaishnav
Lee, Kwonjoon
Zhang, Yanyong
Chen, Tianlong
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
The recent success of reinforcement learning (RL) in large reasoning models has inspired the growing adoption of RL for post-training Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to enhance their visual reasoning capabilities. Although many studies have reported improved performance, it remains unclear whether RL training truly enables models to learn from visual information. In this work, we propose the Hallucination-as-Cue Framework, an analytical framework designed to investigate the effects of RL-based post-training on multimodal reasoning models from the perspective of model hallucination. Specifically, we introduce hallucination-inductive, modality-specific corruptions that remove or replace essential information required to derive correct answers, thereby forcing the model to reason by hallucination. By applying these corruptions during both training and evaluation, our framework provides a unique perspective for diagnosing RL training dynamics and understanding the intrinsic properties of datasets. Through extensive experiments and analyses across multiple multimodal reasoning benchmarks, we reveal that the role of model hallucination for RL-training is more significant than previously recognized. For instance, we find that RL post-training under purely hallucination-inductive settings can still significantly improve models' reasoning performance, and in some cases even outperform standard training. These findings challenge prevailing assumptions about MLLM reasoning training and motivate the development of more modality-aware RL-based training designs.
title Understanding the Role of Hallucination in Reinforcement Post-Training of Multimodal Reasoning Models
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03179