Self-Execution Simulation Improves Coding Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Maimon, Gallil, Yoran, Ori, Kreuk, Felix, Hassid, Michael, Cohen, Gal, Chambon, Pierre, Adi, Yossi
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Maimon, Gallil
Yoran, Ori
Kreuk, Felix
Hassid, Michael
Cohen, Gal
Chambon, Pierre
Adi, Yossi
author_facet Maimon, Gallil
Yoran, Ori
Kreuk, Felix
Hassid, Michael
Cohen, Gal
Chambon, Pierre
Adi, Yossi
contents A promising research direction in enabling LLMs to generate consistently correct code involves addressing their inability to properly estimate program execution, particularly for code they generate. In this work, we demonstrate that Code LLMs can be trained to simulate program execution in a step-by-step manner and that this capability can be leveraged to improve competitive programming performance. Our approach combines supervised fine-tuning on natural language execution traces, textual explanations grounded in true execution, with reinforcement learning using verifiable rewards. We introduce two complementary objectives: output prediction given code and inputs, and solving competitive programming tasks with either ground-truth or self-predicted execution feedback. These objectives enable models to perform self-verification over multiple candidate solutions, and iterative self-fixing by simulating test execution. Across multiple competitive programming benchmarks, our method yields consistent improvements over standard reasoning approaches. We further present ablations and analysis to elucidate the role of execution simulation and its limitations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_03253
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Self-Execution Simulation Improves Coding Models
Maimon, Gallil
Yoran, Ori
Kreuk, Felix
Hassid, Michael
Cohen, Gal
Chambon, Pierre
Adi, Yossi
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
A promising research direction in enabling LLMs to generate consistently correct code involves addressing their inability to properly estimate program execution, particularly for code they generate. In this work, we demonstrate that Code LLMs can be trained to simulate program execution in a step-by-step manner and that this capability can be leveraged to improve competitive programming performance. Our approach combines supervised fine-tuning on natural language execution traces, textual explanations grounded in true execution, with reinforcement learning using verifiable rewards. We introduce two complementary objectives: output prediction given code and inputs, and solving competitive programming tasks with either ground-truth or self-predicted execution feedback. These objectives enable models to perform self-verification over multiple candidate solutions, and iterative self-fixing by simulating test execution. Across multiple competitive programming benchmarks, our method yields consistent improvements over standard reasoning approaches. We further present ablations and analysis to elucidate the role of execution simulation and its limitations.
title Self-Execution Simulation Improves Coding Models
topic Computation and Language
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03253