Multimessenger Signatures of Tilted, Self-Gravitating, Black Hole Disks
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arXiv
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2026
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| author | Ruiz, Milton Tsokaros, Antonios Shapiro, Stuart L. |
| author_facet | Ruiz, Milton Tsokaros, Antonios Shapiro, Stuart L. |
| contents | We perform fully relativistic GRMHD simulations of magnetized, self-gravitating black hole-disk (BHD) systems in which the black hole spin is misaligned with the disk angular momentum. Massive disks (disk to BH mass ratios of $16-28\%$) around rapidly rotating black holes ($χ\lesssim 0.97$) develop a nonaxisymmetric instability for tilt angles from $0^\circ$ to $180^\circ$. Magnetic stresses damp, but do not completely suppress, the nonaxisymmetric instability, and corresponding gravitational wave (GW) emission, in aligned systems, while they enhance it in antialigned BHDs: MRI-driven turbulence enhances angular momentum transport and accelerates nonlinear instability evolution in misaligned configurations. All models launch magnetically driven jets consistent with the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism, with collimation depending on spin orientation. The GWs reflect strong nonaxisymmetric structure from a persistent $m=1$ mode. The coupling between fast MRI and the slower nonaxisymmetric instability growth governs the outcome, with tilt controlling how MRI modifies the global mode. These simulations provide the first self-consistent GRMHD treatment of tilted, self-gravitating BHD systems and support their role as multimessenger sources. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_03368 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Multimessenger Signatures of Tilted, Self-Gravitating, Black Hole Disks Ruiz, Milton Tsokaros, Antonios Shapiro, Stuart L. General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We perform fully relativistic GRMHD simulations of magnetized, self-gravitating black hole-disk (BHD) systems in which the black hole spin is misaligned with the disk angular momentum. Massive disks (disk to BH mass ratios of $16-28\%$) around rapidly rotating black holes ($χ\lesssim 0.97$) develop a nonaxisymmetric instability for tilt angles from $0^\circ$ to $180^\circ$. Magnetic stresses damp, but do not completely suppress, the nonaxisymmetric instability, and corresponding gravitational wave (GW) emission, in aligned systems, while they enhance it in antialigned BHDs: MRI-driven turbulence enhances angular momentum transport and accelerates nonlinear instability evolution in misaligned configurations. All models launch magnetically driven jets consistent with the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism, with collimation depending on spin orientation. The GWs reflect strong nonaxisymmetric structure from a persistent $m=1$ mode. The coupling between fast MRI and the slower nonaxisymmetric instability growth governs the outcome, with tilt controlling how MRI modifies the global mode. These simulations provide the first self-consistent GRMHD treatment of tilted, self-gravitating BHD systems and support their role as multimessenger sources. |
| title | Multimessenger Signatures of Tilted, Self-Gravitating, Black Hole Disks |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03368 |