Dispersion Measure Distribution of Unlocalized Fast Radio Bursts as a Probe of the Hubble Constant

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Main Authors: Liu, Yang, Wei, Jun-Jie, Wu, Puxun, Wu, Xue-Feng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Liu, Yang
Wei, Jun-Jie
Wu, Puxun
Wu, Xue-Feng
author_facet Liu, Yang
Wei, Jun-Jie
Wu, Puxun
Wu, Xue-Feng
contents We present constraints on the Hubble constant ($H_0$) derived from the observed dispersion measure (DM) distribution of unlocalized fast radio bursts (FRBs). While localized FRBs with redshift measurements have been used to investigate the Hubble tension, their sample remains limited. Here we demonstrate that unlocalized FRBs -- which are far more numerous -- can independently constrain $H_0$ without requiring redshift information, as cosmic expansion imprints itself on their DM distribution. Analyzing a selected sample of 2124 unlocalized FRBs from the CHIME Catalog II, we obtain $H_0 = 73.8^{+14.0}_{-12.3}~\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$ at the $1σ$ confidence level, corresponding to an uncertainty of about 18%. Breaking the degeneracy between $H_0$ and the characteristic cutoff energy $E_*$ of the FRB isotropic energy distribution would reduce this uncertainty to 9%. This work constitutes the first $H_0$ measurement derived solely from the DM distribution of unlocalized FRBs, highlighting their potential as a new cosmological probe. Future joint analyses with localized FRBs promise even tighter constraints.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_03769
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dispersion Measure Distribution of Unlocalized Fast Radio Bursts as a Probe of the Hubble Constant
Liu, Yang
Wei, Jun-Jie
Wu, Puxun
Wu, Xue-Feng
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
We present constraints on the Hubble constant ($H_0$) derived from the observed dispersion measure (DM) distribution of unlocalized fast radio bursts (FRBs). While localized FRBs with redshift measurements have been used to investigate the Hubble tension, their sample remains limited. Here we demonstrate that unlocalized FRBs -- which are far more numerous -- can independently constrain $H_0$ without requiring redshift information, as cosmic expansion imprints itself on their DM distribution. Analyzing a selected sample of 2124 unlocalized FRBs from the CHIME Catalog II, we obtain $H_0 = 73.8^{+14.0}_{-12.3}~\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$ at the $1σ$ confidence level, corresponding to an uncertainty of about 18%. Breaking the degeneracy between $H_0$ and the characteristic cutoff energy $E_*$ of the FRB isotropic energy distribution would reduce this uncertainty to 9%. This work constitutes the first $H_0$ measurement derived solely from the DM distribution of unlocalized FRBs, highlighting their potential as a new cosmological probe. Future joint analyses with localized FRBs promise even tighter constraints.
title Dispersion Measure Distribution of Unlocalized Fast Radio Bursts as a Probe of the Hubble Constant
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03769