What spectators do during inflation
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866910103202955264 |
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| author | Boyanovsky, Daniel |
| author_facet | Boyanovsky, Daniel |
| contents | The inflaton equation of motion including one loop radiative corrections from spectator fields is obtained.
We consider a massless scalar conformally coupled to gravity and a massless fermion Yukawa coupled to the inflaton as models for spectators that \emph{do not feature} gravitational particle production, their production during slow roll is solely a consequence of their coupling to the inflaton. The one-loop self energy and the fully renormalized equation of motion of the inflaton are obtained and solved explicitly for an inflaton potential $m^2φ^2/2$. The solution features Sudakov-type logarithmic secular terms, which are resumed via the dynamical renormalization group and compared to the solutions with a phenomenological friction term. During $N_e$ e-folds of slow roll inflation the inflaton evolves as $φ^{(0)}_{Isr}(t)\,e^{\frac{m^2Γ}{9H^3}\,N_e(t)}$ for the phenomenological friction term $Γ$ and $φ^{(0)}_{Isr}(t)\,e^{ΥN^2_e}$ with $Υ= -\frac{λ^2}{24π^2 H^2} ; \frac{y^2_R}{12π^2}$ for the radiative corrections from bosonic and fermionic spectators respectively where $φ^{(0)}_{Isr}(t)$ is the slow roll solution in absence of interactions, showing that a phenomenological friction term is not reliable. A generalization of the optical theorem to a finite time domain and cosmological expansion is introduced to obtain the distribution function $f(k,t)$ and total number of spectators produced \emph{during slow roll}. $f(k,t)$ is peaked at superhorizon scales and the total number of particles grows $\propto e^{3N_e}$. A non-perturbative mean field theory is introduced to describe the self-consistent evolution of the inflaton coupled to spectators, its linearized version reproduces the self-energy, the inflaton equation of motion and the results on particle production. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_03866 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | What spectators do during inflation Boyanovsky, Daniel High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory The inflaton equation of motion including one loop radiative corrections from spectator fields is obtained. We consider a massless scalar conformally coupled to gravity and a massless fermion Yukawa coupled to the inflaton as models for spectators that \emph{do not feature} gravitational particle production, their production during slow roll is solely a consequence of their coupling to the inflaton. The one-loop self energy and the fully renormalized equation of motion of the inflaton are obtained and solved explicitly for an inflaton potential $m^2φ^2/2$. The solution features Sudakov-type logarithmic secular terms, which are resumed via the dynamical renormalization group and compared to the solutions with a phenomenological friction term. During $N_e$ e-folds of slow roll inflation the inflaton evolves as $φ^{(0)}_{Isr}(t)\,e^{\frac{m^2Γ}{9H^3}\,N_e(t)}$ for the phenomenological friction term $Γ$ and $φ^{(0)}_{Isr}(t)\,e^{ΥN^2_e}$ with $Υ= -\frac{λ^2}{24π^2 H^2} ; \frac{y^2_R}{12π^2}$ for the radiative corrections from bosonic and fermionic spectators respectively where $φ^{(0)}_{Isr}(t)$ is the slow roll solution in absence of interactions, showing that a phenomenological friction term is not reliable. A generalization of the optical theorem to a finite time domain and cosmological expansion is introduced to obtain the distribution function $f(k,t)$ and total number of spectators produced \emph{during slow roll}. $f(k,t)$ is peaked at superhorizon scales and the total number of particles grows $\propto e^{3N_e}$. A non-perturbative mean field theory is introduced to describe the self-consistent evolution of the inflaton coupled to spectators, its linearized version reproduces the self-energy, the inflaton equation of motion and the results on particle production. |
| title | What spectators do during inflation |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03866 |