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Autori principali: Chen, Minglei, Wang, Weilong, Duan, Jiang, Deng, Ye
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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Accesso online:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03980
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author Chen, Minglei
Wang, Weilong
Duan, Jiang
Deng, Ye
author_facet Chen, Minglei
Wang, Weilong
Duan, Jiang
Deng, Ye
contents Parameter-efficient prompt learning has become the de facto standard for adapting Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to downstream tasks. Existing approaches predominantly focus on aligning text prompts with first-order visual features (i.e., spatial feature maps). While effective for fine-grained semantic discrimination, we argue that relying solely on first-order information is insufficient for robust adaptation, as these spatially entangled features are highly susceptible to domain shifts and local noise. In this work, we propose \textbf{Gram-Anchored Prompt Learning (GAPL)} for Vision-Language Models via Second-Order Statistics, a framework that synergizes local semantic alignment with global structural consistency. Methodologically, we introduce an additional second-order statistical stream via \textbf{Gram matrices} that augments the standard first-order spatial interaction. By anchoring prompts to these second-order priors, our approach enables language representations to dynamically adapt to statistical distribution shifts across diverse domains. Extensive experiments indicate the effectiveness of the second-order features, and show compelling performances of GAPL on various benchmarks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_03980
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Gram-Anchored Prompt Learning for Vision-Language Models via Second-Order Statistics
Chen, Minglei
Wang, Weilong
Duan, Jiang
Deng, Ye
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Parameter-efficient prompt learning has become the de facto standard for adapting Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to downstream tasks. Existing approaches predominantly focus on aligning text prompts with first-order visual features (i.e., spatial feature maps). While effective for fine-grained semantic discrimination, we argue that relying solely on first-order information is insufficient for robust adaptation, as these spatially entangled features are highly susceptible to domain shifts and local noise. In this work, we propose \textbf{Gram-Anchored Prompt Learning (GAPL)} for Vision-Language Models via Second-Order Statistics, a framework that synergizes local semantic alignment with global structural consistency. Methodologically, we introduce an additional second-order statistical stream via \textbf{Gram matrices} that augments the standard first-order spatial interaction. By anchoring prompts to these second-order priors, our approach enables language representations to dynamically adapt to statistical distribution shifts across diverse domains. Extensive experiments indicate the effectiveness of the second-order features, and show compelling performances of GAPL on various benchmarks.
title Gram-Anchored Prompt Learning for Vision-Language Models via Second-Order Statistics
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03980