FLAME: Condensing Ensemble Diversity into a Single Network for Efficient Sequential Recommendation
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866908939104288768 |
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| author | Kim, WooJoo Kim, JunYoung Lim, JaeHyung Choi, SeongJin Kang, SeongKu Yu, HwanJo |
| author_facet | Kim, WooJoo Kim, JunYoung Lim, JaeHyung Choi, SeongJin Kang, SeongKu Yu, HwanJo |
| contents | Sequential recommendation requires capturing diverse user behaviors, which a single network often fails to capture. While ensemble methods mitigate this by leveraging multiple networks, training them all from scratch leads to high computational cost and instability from noisy mutual supervision. We propose {\bf F}rozen and {\bf L}earnable networks with {\bf A}ligned {\bf M}odular {\bf E}nsemble ({\bf FLAME}), a novel framework that condenses ensemble-level diversity into a single network for efficient sequential recommendation. During training, FLAME simulates exponential diversity using only two networks via {\it modular ensemble}. By decomposing each network into sub-modules (e.g., layers or blocks) and dynamically combining them, FLAME generates a rich space of diverse representation patterns. To stabilize this process, we pretrain and freeze one network to serve as a semantic anchor and employ {\it guided mutual learning}. This aligns the diverse representations into the space of the remaining learnable network, ensuring robust optimization. Consequently, at inference, FLAME utilizes only the learnable network, achieving ensemble-level performance with zero overhead compared to a single network. Experiments on six datasets show that FLAME outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, achieving up to 7.69$\times$ faster convergence and 9.70\% improvement in NDCG@20. We provide the source code of FLAME at https://github.com/woo-joo/FLAME_SIGIR26. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_04038 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | FLAME: Condensing Ensemble Diversity into a Single Network for Efficient Sequential Recommendation Kim, WooJoo Kim, JunYoung Lim, JaeHyung Choi, SeongJin Kang, SeongKu Yu, HwanJo Information Retrieval Sequential recommendation requires capturing diverse user behaviors, which a single network often fails to capture. While ensemble methods mitigate this by leveraging multiple networks, training them all from scratch leads to high computational cost and instability from noisy mutual supervision. We propose {\bf F}rozen and {\bf L}earnable networks with {\bf A}ligned {\bf M}odular {\bf E}nsemble ({\bf FLAME}), a novel framework that condenses ensemble-level diversity into a single network for efficient sequential recommendation. During training, FLAME simulates exponential diversity using only two networks via {\it modular ensemble}. By decomposing each network into sub-modules (e.g., layers or blocks) and dynamically combining them, FLAME generates a rich space of diverse representation patterns. To stabilize this process, we pretrain and freeze one network to serve as a semantic anchor and employ {\it guided mutual learning}. This aligns the diverse representations into the space of the remaining learnable network, ensuring robust optimization. Consequently, at inference, FLAME utilizes only the learnable network, achieving ensemble-level performance with zero overhead compared to a single network. Experiments on six datasets show that FLAME outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, achieving up to 7.69$\times$ faster convergence and 9.70\% improvement in NDCG@20. We provide the source code of FLAME at https://github.com/woo-joo/FLAME_SIGIR26. |
| title | FLAME: Condensing Ensemble Diversity into a Single Network for Efficient Sequential Recommendation |
| topic | Information Retrieval |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04038 |