Ideally-Smooth Transition between Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters based on State Mapping Method

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Zhenshuai, Li, Yitong, Wang, Zirui, Gu, Jiashuo, Qin, Yao, Liu, Jinjun
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866911568454746112
author Liu, Zhenshuai
Li, Yitong
Wang, Zirui
Gu, Jiashuo
Qin, Yao
Liu, Jinjun
author_facet Liu, Zhenshuai
Li, Yitong
Wang, Zirui
Gu, Jiashuo
Qin, Yao
Liu, Jinjun
contents There has been widespread global increasing use of renewable energy sources, which are usually connected to the electricity grids via power electronic inverters. Traditionally, these inverter-based resources operate in either grid-forming (GFM) or grid-following (GFL) mode. But more recently, the need of switching between these two modes are glowingly required because of the complex operation scenarios of systems such as source-side limitations, grid-side services, fault disturbances, etc. However, due to the differences between GFM and GFL modes, a direct switching between them would lead to large oscillations or even instability of inverters. Therefore, in this paper, a method called state mapping method for analyzing the switching transient and designing the switching control is proposed. Based on this method, an ideally-smooth transition between GFM and GFL can be achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by both the theoretical analysis and experiment tests.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_04109
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Ideally-Smooth Transition between Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters based on State Mapping Method
Liu, Zhenshuai
Li, Yitong
Wang, Zirui
Gu, Jiashuo
Qin, Yao
Liu, Jinjun
Systems and Control
There has been widespread global increasing use of renewable energy sources, which are usually connected to the electricity grids via power electronic inverters. Traditionally, these inverter-based resources operate in either grid-forming (GFM) or grid-following (GFL) mode. But more recently, the need of switching between these two modes are glowingly required because of the complex operation scenarios of systems such as source-side limitations, grid-side services, fault disturbances, etc. However, due to the differences between GFM and GFL modes, a direct switching between them would lead to large oscillations or even instability of inverters. Therefore, in this paper, a method called state mapping method for analyzing the switching transient and designing the switching control is proposed. Based on this method, an ideally-smooth transition between GFM and GFL can be achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by both the theoretical analysis and experiment tests.
title Ideally-Smooth Transition between Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters based on State Mapping Method
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04109