Future Amplification of Moist Weather Extremes in the Midlatitudes

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Li, Funing, Tamarin-Brodsky, Talia
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Li, Funing
Tamarin-Brodsky, Talia
author_facet Li, Funing
Tamarin-Brodsky, Talia
contents Moist heatwaves and convective storms frequently co-occur, posing compound risks. Although historically concentrated in the tropics, these moist weather extremes are projected to intensify substantially towards the midlatitudes, with regions downstream of major highland terrains, including northeastern Asia and eastern North America, emerging as hotspots of future change. Yet their physical drivers remain uncertain. Here we show that the intensification of concurrent moist heat and convection extremes in the midlatitudes is tightly constrained by changes in low-level atmospheric inversions. Specifically, we find that amplified warming over western highlands is transported downstream by prevailing westerlies, strengthening low-level thermal inversions and raising the attainable maxima of moist heat and convection. Targeted model experiments confirm the critical role of orographically elevated heating in driving these extremes. Our results reveal a mechanistic pathway for compound extremes and highlight low-level inversions as a key factor for emerging midlatitude risks of moist heat and severe weather under climate change.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_04429
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Future Amplification of Moist Weather Extremes in the Midlatitudes
Li, Funing
Tamarin-Brodsky, Talia
Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Moist heatwaves and convective storms frequently co-occur, posing compound risks. Although historically concentrated in the tropics, these moist weather extremes are projected to intensify substantially towards the midlatitudes, with regions downstream of major highland terrains, including northeastern Asia and eastern North America, emerging as hotspots of future change. Yet their physical drivers remain uncertain. Here we show that the intensification of concurrent moist heat and convection extremes in the midlatitudes is tightly constrained by changes in low-level atmospheric inversions. Specifically, we find that amplified warming over western highlands is transported downstream by prevailing westerlies, strengthening low-level thermal inversions and raising the attainable maxima of moist heat and convection. Targeted model experiments confirm the critical role of orographically elevated heating in driving these extremes. Our results reveal a mechanistic pathway for compound extremes and highlight low-level inversions as a key factor for emerging midlatitude risks of moist heat and severe weather under climate change.
title Future Amplification of Moist Weather Extremes in the Midlatitudes
topic Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04429