Cavitation-bubble Interaction with an Initially Perturbed Free Surface
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866913007552954368 |
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| author | Gu, Jingyu Liu, Zirui Zhang, A-Man Li, Shuai |
| author_facet | Gu, Jingyu Liu, Zirui Zhang, A-Man Li, Shuai |
| contents | The interaction of a spark-generated cavitation bubble with an initially perturbed free surface is investigated experimentally, numerically, and analytically. By exploiting contact-line pinning, we accurately prescribe an initial meniscus with a thin, hydrophilic-coated rod inserted into the liquid. A pronounced surface cavity, driven by the oscillating bubble, forms and penetrates downward to a scale comparable to the bubble itself. The coupled cavity-bubble system exhibits two distinct regimes -- coalescence and non-coalescence -- separated by a critical condition governed by the non-dimensional stand-off parameter $γ$ and the initial meniscus height $h_m$. In the non-coalescence regime, the cavity evolves through inception, expansion, and rebound/jetting. The maximum cavity length $h_c$ follows a power-law scaling $h_c\proptoγ^α$ with $α=-2.7$ (experiments) and $α=-2.6$ (simulations) for $1.5\lesssimγ\lesssim3$, where inertia dominates. Deviations emerge for $γ\lesssim1.5$ (strong nonlinearity) and $γ\gtrsim3$ (surface tension and viscosity become noticeable). An analytical model based on the Rayleigh-Plesset equation combined with nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor instability theory captures the trend and confirms that $h_m$ plays only a secondary role relative to $γ$. In the coalescence regime, atmospheric air vents into the bubble through the merged cavity, weakening the collapse intensity and reducing the associated pressure peak. We also examine air/liquid compressibility and boundary layer effects, whose significance grows as $γ$ decreases. These findings are relevant to surface-jetting technologies, cavitation-erosion mitigation, and underwater-noise suppression. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_04559 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cavitation-bubble Interaction with an Initially Perturbed Free Surface Gu, Jingyu Liu, Zirui Zhang, A-Man Li, Shuai Fluid Dynamics The interaction of a spark-generated cavitation bubble with an initially perturbed free surface is investigated experimentally, numerically, and analytically. By exploiting contact-line pinning, we accurately prescribe an initial meniscus with a thin, hydrophilic-coated rod inserted into the liquid. A pronounced surface cavity, driven by the oscillating bubble, forms and penetrates downward to a scale comparable to the bubble itself. The coupled cavity-bubble system exhibits two distinct regimes -- coalescence and non-coalescence -- separated by a critical condition governed by the non-dimensional stand-off parameter $γ$ and the initial meniscus height $h_m$. In the non-coalescence regime, the cavity evolves through inception, expansion, and rebound/jetting. The maximum cavity length $h_c$ follows a power-law scaling $h_c\proptoγ^α$ with $α=-2.7$ (experiments) and $α=-2.6$ (simulations) for $1.5\lesssimγ\lesssim3$, where inertia dominates. Deviations emerge for $γ\lesssim1.5$ (strong nonlinearity) and $γ\gtrsim3$ (surface tension and viscosity become noticeable). An analytical model based on the Rayleigh-Plesset equation combined with nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor instability theory captures the trend and confirms that $h_m$ plays only a secondary role relative to $γ$. In the coalescence regime, atmospheric air vents into the bubble through the merged cavity, weakening the collapse intensity and reducing the associated pressure peak. We also examine air/liquid compressibility and boundary layer effects, whose significance grows as $γ$ decreases. These findings are relevant to surface-jetting technologies, cavitation-erosion mitigation, and underwater-noise suppression. |
| title | Cavitation-bubble Interaction with an Initially Perturbed Free Surface |
| topic | Fluid Dynamics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04559 |